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Springer Science and Business Media LLC Communications Biology 7(1)
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    초록·키워드

    Occupational crystalline silica (CS) particle exposure leads to silicosis. The burden of CS-associated disease remains high, and treatment options are limited due to vague mechanisms. Here we show that pulmonary CD4<sup>+</sup> tissue-resident memory T cells (T<sub>RM</sub>) accumulate in response to CS particles, mediating the pathogenesis of silicosis. The T<sub>RM</sub> cells are derived from peripheral lymphocyte recruitment and in situ expansion. Specifically, CD69<sup>+</sup>CD103<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub>-Tregs depend more on circulating T cell replenishment. CD69 and CD103 can divide the T<sub>RM</sub> cells into functionally distinct subsets, mirroring the immuno-balance within CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> cells. However, targeting CD103<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub>-Tregs do not mitigate disease phenotype since the T<sub>RM</sub> subsets exert immunosuppressive but not pro-fibrotic roles. After identifying pathogenic CD69<sup>+</sup>CD103<sup>-</sup> subsets, we highlight IL-7 for their maintenance and function, that present a promising avenue for mitigating silicosis. Together, our findings highlight the distinct role of CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> cells in mediating CS-induced fibrosis and provide potential therapeutic strategies.

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