인문학
사회과학
자연과학
공학
의약학
농수해양학
예술체육학
복합학
DBpia AI
AI 에이전트
AI 아이디어
AI 리더
AI 뷰어
Citeasy
크롬 서지관리 다운로드
지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록·키워드
Abstract Background Bacillus subtilis antibiotics, particularly non-ribosomally synthesized peptide antibiotics, possess distinct biological functions beyond their antimicrobial activity. Bacilysin, produced by certain B. subtilis strains, is one such peptide antibiotic. To gain deeper insight into its regulatory functions, this study aimed to explore its direct regulatory effects on B. subtilis physiology . Results Bacilysin was purified from a bacilysin-producing strain B. subtilis PY79 by RP-HPLC using a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 column, with a retention time of 6.5 min (flow rate:4 mL/min) and confirmed by UPLC-MS with an [M + H] + ion at m/z 271.14. A sublethal concentration of the purified compound was applied to exponentially growing cells (OD₆₀₀ 0.8) cultured in LB medium, where endogenous bacilysin production is not induced. RNA-Seq based transcriptomic analysis was performed to assess the gene expression differences between bacilysin-treated and -untreated cells. Exposure to bacilysin led to transcriptional changes in 121 genes (60 upregulated, 61 downregulated), with 98 of them newly identified as differentially expressed in response to bacilysin. Conclusion This study reveals a multilayered regulatory network through which bacilysin not only controls its own biosynthesis but also contributes to the modulation of various adaptation processes to changing conditions, including the utilization of secondary carbon and nitrogen sources, sporulation, swarming motility, biofilm formation, biofilm-associated toxin production, antimicrobial biosynthesis, iron and zinc homeostasis, and coping with various stress conditions. One of the key findings is the existence of an antagonistic regulatory interaction between bacilysin and both the carbon catabolite regulator-CcpA and the GTP-binding global transcriptional regulator-CodY, accompanied by a repressive effect of bacilysin on tnrA expression , encoding a pivotal nitrogen metabolism regulator. Bacilysin plays a crucial role in the temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression during spore development. Furthermore, our data suggest that bacilysin creates a positive feedback loop on its own biosynthetic operon by cooperating with its positive regulators, including the srfA operon and the phrC gene. Bacilysin also appears to fine-tune its own biosynthesis by modulating SinR -dependent regulatory circuits, thereby contributing to the dynamic regulation of biofilm development. As an additional regulatory route, bacilysin may engage in a feedback loop involving the two component regulatory system-DegS/DegU, thereby linking its activity to the control of biofilm-associated toxin production.
인공지능 문자 인식 모델을 통해 추출된 텍스트로, 일부 오타나 오류가 포함될 수 있으나 지속적으로 개선 중입니다.
오류를 발견하셨다면 해당 부분을 드래그한 후 ' 를 통해 신고해주세요.
오류를 발견하셨다면 해당 부분을 드래그한 후 ' 를 통해 신고해주세요.
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