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Wiley Engineering Reports 7(11)
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    초록·키워드

    ABSTRACT With the increasing reliance on online social networks (OSNs) for communication and information sharing, the threat of cyber‐attacks—ranging from bot‐driven misinformation to account hijacking—has grown significantly. This study introduces a novel metric, the network vulnerability propagation factor (NVPF), designed to assess the risk of threat diffusion within OSNs by integrating behavioral, structural, and exposure‐based indicators. The NVPF comprises three components: node vulnerability score (NVS), connectivity index (CI), and propagation weight (PW). Their respective contributions are optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to maximize detection performance. Utilizing the Cresci‐2017 Twitter dataset, which includes 1.6 million user profiles and over 37,000 labeled malicious accounts, the NVPF was calculated and integrated into a gradient boosting machine (GBM) classifier. Experimental results show that users in the top 15% of NVPF scores are 2.4 times more likely to be malicious, and the proposed model achieved an F1‐score of 0.88, precision of 0.90, and recall of 0.86, representing a 24.7% improvement over traditional centrality‐based approaches. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the NVPF model in enhancing cyber security risk assessment and early threat detection within dynamic OSN environments.

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