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Oxford University Press (OUP) ISME Communications 5(1)
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    초록·키워드

    Abstract Flavobacteria are keystone taxa in global carbon cycling, specializing in the degradation of complex glycans across marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Their distinct suites of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) are tailored to habitat-specific substrates, suggesting that glycan-driven genome evolution may have contributed to their divergence. Using plastid-based molecular clocks calibrated with eukaryotic fossil data, we estimate that flavobacteria emerged between 2.15 and 1.98 billion years ago (Gya), shortly after the Great Oxidation Event, a planetary process that correlates with enhanced organic carbon burial. Their subsequent diversification involved three marine-to-non-marine transitions during the Proterozoic (1.98–1.70 Gya, 1.72–1.40 Gya, and 1.28–1.14 Gya), periods that align with tectonic events during the assembly and fragmentation of the Columbia supercontinent. These ecological shifts coincided with genome erosion, including the irreversible accumulation of slightly deleterious mutations, which explains the observed asymmetric niche shifts that favored unidirectional adaptations to non-marine environments. While tectonic processes likely increased habitat availability, subsequent glycan specialization may have underpinned ecological success in these newly formed niches. Our findings highlight the interplay of extrinsic geological dynamics and intrinsic genomic and metabolic adaptations in shaping flavobacteria evolution and their role in Earth’s carbon cycle.

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