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Springer Science and Business Media LLC Nature Communications 17(1)
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    초록·키워드

    Banded iron formations (BIF) were deposited abundantly between 2.7-2.4 Ga from iron- and silica-rich oceans, with cyanobacterial oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) as a possible oxidant for Fe(II)<sub>(aq)</sub> oxidation and Fe(III) oxyhydroxide precipitation. However, toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) from Fe(II)/O<sub>2</sub> interactions might have inhibited cyanobacterial growth, contributing to the delay between cyanobacterial evolution (>3.0 Ga) and the Great Oxidation Event (2.5 Ga). Here, we explored the impact of Fe(II)<sub>(aq)</sub> and SiO<sub>2(aq)</sub> on Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. High Fe(II)<sub>(aq)</sub> ( > 500 µM) increased ROS formation, but elevated SiO<sub>2(aq)</sub> (2200 µM) suppressed ROS formation, promoting growth and O<sub>2</sub> production. Diel light cycles further reduced ROS formation compared to continuous illumination. Modelling O<sub>2</sub> distribution based on experimental rates revealed oxygenated surface waters at relevant upwelling rates. Together, our results indicate that high SiO<sub>2(aq)</sub> and day-night-light cycles in Archean oceans mitigated ROS stress, enabling cyanobacterial proliferation and enhancing their role in Earth's oxygenation and BIF deposition.

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