This study aims to understand the spirit of Olympism, the fundamental value of the Olympics, and of amateurism by comparing ancient and modern Olympic spirits and to present a new paradigm by combining the basic spirit of the Olympics that has been transformed due to commercialism, win-at-all-costs mentality and political intervention with Mencius’ philosophical thought among oriental philosophies. For this, I have adopted literature review as a research methodology, and the findings and conclusions are as follows.

First, the modern Olympic Games have somewhat distorted and deteriorated the pure and original intention of reviving the ancient Olympic Games into the a modern world-wide sports festival as they are affected by negative external factors, including political issues, commercialization and doping and drug abuse in sports.

Second, the true definition of Olympism is to hope for improvement and adeptness in pursuit of the superiority of sports, not to desire that action itself will lead to economic gains and to be satisfied with participation and pleasure of making the best effort while anticipating ethical behaviors. And it can be further defined as the effort of overcoming limitations, delight of effort and improvement of effort, and the respect for fairness and justice as well as purity.

Third, the Olympism Mencius’ philosophical thought can be said to emphasize returning to the original intention of sports characterized by the Olympism and amateurism in order to be able to maintain the pure state of the Olympics as it is by enlivening great spirits, or Hoyeonjigi(浩然之氣)" of Mencius.
All in all, the ethical issues arise in the Olympic Games are most likely to originate from the distorted personal character of doers (athletes). Eventually, it is deemed necessary to develop the proper personality of does and to present ways to foster and nurture the development of righteous personality before arguing or bickering over ungentlemanly behavior, sportsmanship, or amateurism. Since Mencius''s philosophical thought places higher priority and importance on the person who engages in act and what type of person or personality should be pursued rather than on what kind of act has been done, establishing sadeok(四德) by building sadan(四端), remaining imperturbable in the midst of fierce competition and sustaining the spirit of Hoyeonjigi characterized by fairness and justice will be able to correct the tarnished Olympism, and pursuing a better personality through these efforts will be the spirit of Olympism and the ultimate value of sports.