산겨릅나무(Acer tegmentosum Maxim.)의 생장특성과 활용방안 연구 :Study on the growth characteristics and utilization plan of Acer tegmentosum Maxim.

김세창

학위논문

저자정보: 김세창 (강원대학교, 강원대학교 대학원)

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산겨릅나무(Acer tegmentosum Maxim.)는 단풍나무과(Aceraceae)의 단풍나무속(Acer)식물로 수고 15m에 달하는 낙엽활엽소교목이며, 중부 이북의 표고 500m 이상의 심산계곡에 자생하고, 중국에도 분포하는 수종이다. 산겨릅나무의 다른 이름으로는 벌나무, 산청목이라고 하며, 여러 가지 임상 사례 등에서 간질환 치료 작용이 있는 것으로 확인되었고, 특히 간질환 및 백혈병 등에 대한 전통 처방으로도 사용될 만큼 효능에 대한 부분은 많이 알려져 왔다. 최근 들어 항산화 효과, 간 기능 보호, 암세포 성장 억제, 간염 바이러스를 포함하는 병원성 미생물 저해, 이뇨작용, 파골세포분화 억제, 항염증 등에도 효과가 있는 것으로 알려지면서 자생지내의 무분별한 벌채가 이루어지고 있다. 이에 자생지 내의 보존과 증가하는 수요에 대비한 산겨릅나무 재배화를 위한 생장특성 및 증식체계에 대한 구명이 절실히 요구되었다.
산겨릅나무는 해발 647∼1,288 m, 평균 해발고도 978 m의 고산지대에 위치하고 대부분 북동사면과 북서사면의 계곡부와 사면 상부의 공중습도가 높은 곳에 소군락을 이루어 생육하는 특성을 보였다. 또한 산겨릅나무 자생지에서 분포가 확인된 식물종은 60과 140속 186종 2아종 20변종 4품종 총 212분류군으로 한국특산식믈 11분류군, 희귀식물 11분류군, 기후변화 취약식물 22분류군이 확인되었다.
산겨릅나무 실생묘 발아율 향상을 위해 생장조절물질처리와 휴면타파의 방법으로 실험하였다. 삽목실험은 발근촉진제의 농도를 달리하여 반숙지삽목, 녹지삽목의 방법으로 진행하였다. 연구 결과 노천매장을 한 종자의 발아율이 최고 86%, 저온저장한 종자 발아율이 최고 92%를 보였다. 가장 낮은 발아율은 휴면타파처리를 하지 않은 종자로 14%로 휴면타파처리가 종자발아 촉진에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다.
산겨릅나무 용기묘를 대상으로 Multi Feed 20(N:P:K=20:20:20)을 이용한 여섯가지 시비처리(대조구, 0.5g/L, 0.7g/L, 1.0g/L, 2.0g/L, 4.0g/L)에 따른 생리 및 생장 특성을 조사하였다. 시비처리에 근원경과 수고생장, 물질생산량과 묘목품질은 0.7g/L 시비처리구가 가장 높게 나타났다. 엽록소 함량은 0.7g/L 시비 처리구에서 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 시비처리구가 대조구보다 높게 나타났다. 즉, 산겨릅나무 용기묘의 경우 묘목의 품질 및 생산 비용을 동시에 고려할 때 0.7g/L 시비가 적정한 수준으로 판단되었다.
산겨릅나무 용기묘를 대상으로 네가지 광조건(대조구, 35%, 55%, 75% 차광)에 따른 생리 및 생장 특성을 조사하여 적정 시비량을 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 차광처리에 따른 산겨릅나무 용기묘의 근원경과 간장 생장, 물질생산량과 묘목품질은 75%가 가장 높았다. 또한 엽록소 함량은 75% 처리구에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내 묘목의 품질 및 생산 비용을 동시에 고려 할 때 75%차광이 적정한 수준으로 판단되었다.
산겨릅나무 수액의 채취 시기별 출수량과 출수시기에 따른 성분의 변화를 파악하고자 수액채취지의 기상환경과 채취시기에 따른 성분분석을 실시하였고, 채취지역의 기상을 분석한 결과, 일평균기온 3.7°C, 일 최고기온 10.9°C, 일 최저기온 -5.6°C로 확인되었고, 일 평균습도는 72.1%, 일 최고습도 96%, 일 최저습도 51.5%로 확인되었다.
수액채취지의 기상환경을 수액 출수일을 기준으로 재분석한 결과 출수량이 가장 많았던 날은 일 최고기온이 13.3°C, 일 최저기온 -3°C로 일교차가 16.3°C로 출수기간 평균인 12.8°C 보다 3.5°C 큰 차이를 보여 수액추출에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 기상인자는 일교차인 것으로 분석되었고, 그중 출수 전날의 일교차가 클수록 출수량이 증가하는 경향을 확인하였다.
이로써 산겨릅나무 자생지의 서식환경과 식생특성, 시비처리에 따른 생리 및 생장특성, 차광환경 조절에 따른 생리 및 생장특성, 유성번식과 무성번식을 통한 번식특성, 산업화를 위한 수액의 채취 조건 등의 연구를 통해 산겨릅나무 재배화를 위한 일부 증식체계의 구명을 하였다.

Acer tegmentosum is a deciduous broad-leaved small arboreous tree that reaches 15m in height as a maple of the Aceraceae family. It grows wild in valley over 500m above the central region and is also distributed in China. The other names of Acer tegmentosum are known as bee tree, sancheongmok, and Cheonghaecheok, and it has been confirmed that it has a therapeutic effect on liver disease in various clinical cases. Particularly, much of the efficacy has been known to be used as a traditional prescription for liver disease and leukemia. Therefore, it is urgently required to find out the growth characteristics and propagation system for the cultivation of mountain hull trees in preparation for the preservation of the native habitat and increasing demand.
Acer tegmentosum are located in the alpine region of 647-1,288 m above sea level and 978 m above sea level, and most of them grow in small communities in the valleys of the northeast and northwest slopes, and in places with high air humidity above the ridge.
The effects of growth control substance treatment and dormant taffy were tested to improve the germination rate of Acer tegmentosum. The experiment was conducted by using semi-hardwood and softwood cutting with different concentrations. The results of the study showed that the germination rate of seeds in open-air burial was up to 86%, and the germination rate of low-temperature stored seeds was analyzed to be up to 92%.
Six fertilization treatments (control, 0.5g/L, 0.7g/L, 1.0g/L, 2.0g) using Multi Feed 20 (N:P:K=20:20:20) for container seedlings of Acer tegmentosum. physiological and growth characteristics were investigated. In the fertilization treatment, the 0.7g/L fertilization treatment was the highest in the root length and plant growth, material production and seedling quality. Chlorophyll content was highest in 0.7g/L fertilized treatment group, and higher in fertilization treatment than control. In other words, in the case of container seedlings of Acer tegmentosum., 0.7g/L fertilization was judged to be an appropriate level when considering the quality and production cost of the seedlings.
This study was conducted to investigate the physiological and growth characteristics according to the four shading conditions (control, 35%, 55%, 75%) targeting the container seedlings of Acer tegmentosum. According to the shading treatment, the growth and seedling quality of container seedlings of Acer tegmentosum were the highest in 75%. In addition, the chlorophyll content showed the highest value in 75% treatment, and 75% shading was judged to be an appropriate level when considering the quality and production cost of seedlings.
As a result of analyzing the weather in the sap collection area, it was confirmed that the daily average temperature was 3.7°C, the daily maximum temperature was 10.9°C, and the daily minimum temperature was -5.6°C, and the daily average humidity was 72.1%, the daily maximum humidity was 96%, and the daily minimum was It was confirmed to be 51.5% humidity.
As a result of reanalyzing the meteorological environment of the sap collection site based on the day of sap discharge, the day with the highest amount of discharge was 13.3°C per day, the lowest daily temperature -3°C, with a daily temperature difference of 16.3°C, which is the average of 12.8°C. It was analyzed that the meteorological factor that had the greatest influence on the sap extraction by showing a larger difference of 3.5°C was the daily temperature difference.

#산겨릅나무 #식생 #시비조건 #차광 환경 #수액 #재배화

Ⅰ. 연 구 사························································································1
Ⅱ. 연 구····························································································8
CHAPTER 1. 산겨릅나무(Acer tegmentosum Maxim.) 자생지 환경 및 식생분석·····8
서론··································································································8
재료 및 방법······················································································10
1. 조사지 선정 및 입지환경 조사···························································10
2. 식생조사·····················································································11
3. 군집구조 및 식생분석······································································13
결과 및 고찰······················································································15
1. 입지환경·····················································································15
2. 식생조사 및 군집구조······································································16
1) 출현종 분석···············································································16
2) 군집구조 및 식생분석····································································19
결론 ·······························································································29
CHAPTER 2. 산겨릅나무(Acer tegmentosum Maxim.)의 유성번식과 무성번식에 관한 연구································································································31
서 론·······························································································31
재료 및 방법······················································································33
1. 유성번식·····················································································33
2. 무성번식·····················································································34
3. 통계 분석····················································································35
결과 및 고찰······················································································36
1. 산겨릅나무의 유성번식····································································36
1) 휴면성 조절 종자의 발아특성···························································36
2) 저온습윤···················································································37
3) 실온저장····················································································39
2. 산겨릅나무의 무성번식····································································40
1) 녹지삽목···················································································40
2) 반숙지삽목·················································································43
결론································································································45
CHAPTER 3. 시비처리가 산겨릅나무(Acer tegmentosum Maxim.)의 생장에 미치는 영향································································································47
서 론······························································································47
재료 및 방법······················································································49
1. 공시재료 및 시비처리······································································49
2. 생장특성·····················································································49
3. 광합성 특성·················································································50
4. 엽록소 함량 분석···········································································51
5. 통계 분석····················································································52
결과 및 고찰······················································································53
1. 생장특성·····················································································53
2. 생리적 특성·················································································57
1) 광합성 특성·················································································57
2) 엽록소 함량 분석···········································································59
결 론·······························································································61
CHAPTER 4. 차광정도가 산겨릅나무 유묘의 생장 및 생리에 미치는 영향············63
서 론·······························································································63
재료 및 방법······················································································65
1. 공시재료·····················································································65
2. 생장특성·····················································································67
3. 광합성특성···················································································68
4. 엽록소 함량 분석···········································································69
5. 통계 분석····················································································69
결과 및 고찰······················································································70
1. 생장 특성···················································································70
1) 산겨릅나무 묘목의 건전도······························································70
2) 산겨릅나무 묘목의 물질생산량························································72
3) 산겨릅나무 묘목품질 평가······························································73
2.생리적 특성·················································································75
1) 광합성 특성···············································································75
2) 엽록소함량분석···········································································78
결 론·······························································································80
CHAPTER 5. 산겨릅나무(Acer tegmentosum Maxim.) 수액의 채취 시기별 출수량 및 성분 분석··························································································81
서 론·······························································································81
재료 및 방법······················································································83
1. 공시재료·····················································································83
2. 기상환경·····················································································83
3. 수액채취·····················································································83
4. 성분분석·····················································································84
1) 무기성분 분석·············································································84
2) pH 분석····················································································84
2) 당 함량 분석···············································································85
결과 및 고찰······················································································86
1. 기상 환경과 수액 채취····································································86
1). 기상 환경··················································································86
2). 수액 채취··················································································88
2. 성분 분석····················································································91
1) 무기성분 분석·············································································91
2) pH 분석 및 당 분석······································································91
결론································································································93
Ⅲ. 종합결론·······················································································94
Ⅳ. 인용문헌····················································································98
Ⅳ. Abstract······················································································119
Ⅳ. Appendix·····················································································121

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