대한민국은 음주운전 예방을 위해 처벌을 강화해 오고 있으나, 실효성을 거두지 못하고 있다. 선행연구에 따르면 처벌 그 자체가 범죄를 억제하는 것이 아니라 처벌이 주위 사람들과의 애착관계, 그리고 직장을 잃게 할 수 있다는 점에서 두려운 것일 수 있다. 이에 이 연구에서는 처벌의 억제효과가 사회유대가 강한사람들이나 약한 사람들에게만 조건적으로 나타나는지 실증적으로 검증해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2010년 서울시에 거주하는 만 20세 이상 남녀 자가운전자 1,500명 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 2차자료를 활용하였다. 분석결과 처벌의 엄격성과 사회유대요인은 음주운전을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 처벌의 억제요인이 음주운전에 미치는 영향에서 사회유대요인의 조절효과는 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 나타내지 못하였다. 즉, 사회유대 수준이 낮거나 높은 수준의 집단에서만 처벌의 억제효과가 나타나는 것이 아니라 비공식적 사회통제인 사회유대도 음주운전을 억제할 수 있고 국가의 공식적 형벌을 통해서도 음주운전을 억제할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 음주운전 법정형 상향 취지에 맞게 음주운전에 대한 처벌수준을 강화해야 할 필요성과 개인의 가정과 직장에서 사회유대 수준을 높일 수 있는 프로그램이나 처벌의 염격성과 결합하여 사회유대에 훼손을 줄 수 있는 엄격한 처벌 정책의 필요성을 시사한다. 특히, 사회적 규범을 준수하고자 하는 개인의 의지와 태도가 음주운전 억제에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤기 때문에 음주운전 예방을 위해서는 시민들의 자발적인 동참과 의식변화가 중요하다고 할 수 있다.
South Korea has been strengthening punishment as a policy to prevent drunk driving. By the way, despite the increase in the sentence for drunk driving, drunk driving has not yet decreased significantly. The drunk driving prevention policy is mainly based on the deterrence policy and focuses on the punishment of perpetrators, but it is difficult to guarantee its effectiveness. This suggests that other drunk driving deterrence policies are needed in addition to legal sanctions. If so, should only the official punishment be strengthened as has been done to prevent drunk driving? What if the effect of the policy of strengthening punishment appeared conditionally only for those with strong or weak social bonds? Although there have been studies on various factors that affect drunk driving, few studies have focused on verifying social bonds, such as attachment to home and work, among informal social control factors. In particular, no study has been conducted to analyze the crime deterrence effect of punishment considering variables such as punishment and social bonding factors together in drunk driving. Therefore, this study aims to empirically verify whether the deterrent effect of punishment appears conditionally according to the level of social bonding by examining the theoretical discussion on drunk driving and the social bonding, which is an informal deterrent factor that affects the official deterrent factor. In other words, the purpose of this study is to analyze the deterrent effect of official punishment according to the level of social bonding to find a way to effectively apply the drunk driving punishment policy. The dependent variable was drunk driving behavior, and the quantitative variable measured by the frequency of drunk driving over the past year was recoded as a dichotomous variable to enable logistic regression analysis. Among the independent variables, the severity and certainty of punishment were used as deterrent factors of punishment, and each was measured with a single question. For the social bonding, which is a moderating variable, attachment and belief were used as sub-factors through construct validity and reliability analysis. The data used for the empirical analysis are secondary data. From August to September 2010, 1,500 self-driving men and women aged 20 or older residing in Seoul were surveyed about their attitude toward drunk driving. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS 27.0 program. As a result of the logistic regression analysis, the more male, the more likely to be drunk driving, and the higher the level of awareness of the severity of punishment among the deterrent factors of punishment, the higher the result of not drinking and driving. In other words, it was found that the severity of punishment deters drunk driving. As for the social bonding, the higher the level of the attachment and belief factor, the less likely to drink and drive, indicating that the social bonding also deters drunk driving. Lastly, the moderating effect of the social bonding in the effect of punishment deterrent factors on drunk driving did not show statistically significant results. Based on these results, policy suggestions for preventing drunk driving are as follows. First, the level of punishment for drunk driving should be strengthened in accordance with the purpose of raising the legal penalty for drunk driving in relation to the fact that the severity of punishment is to deter drunk driving. Second, according to the results of this study, social bonding was an important factor in detering drunk driving. In this respect, it is necessary to have programs that can increase the level of social bonding in individuals'' homes and workplaces, or strict punishment policies that can damage social bonding in combination with the severity of punishment. Third, it is necessary above all to establish a law-abiding culture. Since the individual''s will and attitude to comply with social norms had a greater impact on drunk driving than deterrence through strict punishment, citizens'' voluntary participation and change in consciousness are important to prevent drunk driving. This study is different from previous studies in that it looked at both formal and informal deterrence on the influence of drunk driving. In particular, we tried to verify whether the deterrent effect of punishment can appear differently depending on the level of social bonding. In addition, the social bond theory has been verified mainly for juvenile delinquency, but it is meaningful that it is applied to special types of deviance such as adult crimes and drunk driving. Nevertheless, this study has the following limitations. First, there is a problem that it cannot explain drunk driving at the present time because it is analyzed using secondary data that has elapsed for more than 10 years. Second, there is the issue of representativeness of the study. Since the subjects of the study were only drivers residing in Seoul, it is difficult to say that the results represent all drivers. Third, it is a matter of the temporal order of the causal relationship. Time-series data are required for rigorous verification of the deterrence theory. However, since this study collected data at a specific time point, it did not fully consider the experiential effect of changing the level of certainty or severity of perceived punishment while experiencing drunk driving. The higher the level of awareness of the certainty of punishment, the higher the result of driving under the influence can be explained for this reason. It is expected that more effective drunk driving prevention policies can be prepared if the above limitations are supplemented and studies on other factors affecting drunk driving are conducted. This study started with the recognition that there is a limit to deter drunk driving with only legal sanctions. In addition, it was found that social bonding can also deter drunk driving. Rather than strengthening the punishment for drunk driving that has already occurred, if there is a policy measure to prevent drunk driving, it will be an effective way to reduce the number of innocent victims caused by drunk driving and reduce the social cost due to crackdowns and punishments.
목차
제1장 서 론 1제1절 연구의 목적 1제2절 연구의 범위 및 방법 51. 연구의 범위 62. 연구의 방법 6제2장 이론적 배경 9제1절 음주운전의 개념 및 실태 91. 음주운전의 개념 92. 음주운전 실태 12제2절 음주운전 관련 이론 141. 억제이론 142. 사회유대이론 16제3절 선행연구 검토 201. 공식처벌과 음주운전 242. 사회유대요인과 음주운전 263. 사회유대요인의 조건적 효과 28제3장 연구의 설계 31제1절 연구모형 및 연구가설 311. 연구모형 312. 연구문제 및 연구가설 32제2절 변수의 조작적 정의와 측정 341. 종속변수 342. 독립변수 353. 조절변수 364. 통제변수 39제3절 자료수집 및 분석방법 391. 자료수집 392. 분석방법 39제4장 연구결과 및 논의 41제1절 주요변수의 특성 분석 411. 인구사회학적 특성 412. 주요변수의 특성 42제2절 주요변수간 관계분석 45제3절 로지스틱 회귀분석 511. 음주운전에 대한 주요변수의 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 512. 사회유대요인의 조절효과 분석 54제4절 연구결과의 논의 55제5장 결론 59참 고 문 헌 66ABSTRACT 75
