In Korea, the concept of CPTED was introduced around 2000 to cope with crime and crimie anxiety, and the CPTED project based on this was spread nationwide. Accordingly, studies analyzing the effectiveness of the project have increased, but most of them analyze only changes in crime and crime anxiety centered on the project area from a macro perspective, so it is insufficient to verify and discuss the effectiveness of crime prevention facilities from a microscopic perspective.
Therefore, this study selected seven CPTED project area in Dongjak-gu, Seoul, analyzed crime data from the perspective of trend and density, and categorized crime prevention facilities as CPTED principles to analyze quantitative and qualitative effects. The quantitative effect of the facility was 1) the effect of the number of facilities installed on the street in the project area, and 2) the crime that occurred in a certain radius centered on individual facilities to identify the corresponding crime and scope of validity. The qualitative effect of the facility was 1) analyzed whether or not crime anxiety was reduced and satisfaction with the facility was analyzed based on the survey of residents, and 2) the perception of the facility by class was identified. The results of this study conducted with these processes and contents are as follows.
After the CPTED project, the five major crimes decreased, but there was a difference in the timing of the decrease by project area. It has been confirmed that the hotspot of crime by business location is reduced around the place where the facility is installed or moved to the place where the facility is not installed. As a result of analyzing the effect of the number of installations of facilities on the streets of the project area, crimes after the project increased on the streets without facilities, and crimes after the project decreased on the streets of the facility. Among individual facilities, the longest effective range was measured by reflectors, and the shortest was alley lighting. In addition, among the CPTED principles, the principle of Surveillance and Access control were effective in reducing violent crimes, and the principle of Surveillance was found to be effective in reducing theft crimes.
As a result of analyzing the effect of reducing crime anxiety of facilities according to the characteristics of each class, most facilities were recognized more effectively by women, but pipe intrusion prevention facilities, village etiquette signs, and garbage discharge signs were recognized more effectively by men. Both men and women recognized the integrated CCTV module most effectively, while the telephone pole maintenance and location number were recognized as the least effective. The age at which crime prevention facilities were most effectively recognized was the middle-aged.
This study is significant in that it identified the appropriate density per street, the corresponding crime and validity range, and the degree of reduction in crime anxiety, focusing on individual crime prevention facilities. In follow-up studies, these contents need to be supplemented, and the validity of the research method should be verified by analyzing the facilities of different project area in the same way.