메뉴 건너뛰기
소속 기관 / 학교 인증
인증하면 논문, 학술자료 등을  무료로 열람할 수 있어요.
한국대학교, 누리자동차, 시립도서관 등 나의 기관을 확인해보세요
(국내 대학 90% 이상 구독 중)
고객센터 ENG
주제분류

논문 기본 정보

저자정보

(계명대학교, 계명대학교 대학원)

표지

이용 20

검색

    초록·키워드

    SARS-CoV-2로 인한 전 세계적 코로나19 대유행은 백신의 출현에도 불구하고 2021년까지 540만 명 이상의 생명을 앗아갔습니다. 새로운 변종은 백신의 위험한 장기 합병증과 함께 지속적인 재감염 위협을 제기하므로 지속적인 치료 연구가 필요합니다. 이 연구에서는 SARS-CoV-2 파파인 유사 프로테아제를 표적으로 하는 22개의 화합물이 합성되고 특성화되었으며, SARS-CoV-2 바이러스에 대해 -10.6의 친화도를 갖는 인실리코 및 49.46μM의 EC50을 갖는 시험관 내에서 가장 강력한 화합물을 나타냈습니다. vero 세포에서는 최대 100μM까지 세포독성이 없습니다. 또한, 주요 화합물은 경구 투여에 유리한 약동학 프로파일을 나타냈고, 시험관 내에서 PEDV에 대한 항바이러스 효능을 입증했으며, 생체 내 대조군(0%)에 비해 경구 치료된 돼지에서 주목할 만한 생존율(83%)을 부여했습니다.
    후생적 변형을 담당하는 아세틸화 라이신 "지우개" 효소인 히스톤 데아세틸라제(HDAC)를 표적으로 삼는 것이 암종에서 놀라운 효능을 입증했습니다. 그러나 FDA가 승인한 pan HDAC 억제제는 정상 세포에 극도의 독성을 보였으며 고형 종양에 대한 억제 활성이 좋지 않아 HDAC 억제제의 임상 적용이 제한되었습니다. 본 연구에서는 브로모도메인 함유 단백질 4(BRD4)를 이용한 이중 선택적 HDAC 억제제의 개념을 조사하여 새로운 암 HDAC 억제제를 개발하였다. 일련의 5개 BRD4-HDAC 이중 억제제가 설계되고 합성되었습니다. HDAC 효소 분석 결과는 HDAC6에 비해 HDAC 클래스 I에 대한 화합물의 선택성을 확인했습니다. MDA-MB-231 삼중 음성 유방암 세포주에 대한 항증식은 FDA 승인 약물인 보리노스타트(vorinostat)에 비해 향상된 효능을 나타냈으며, 웨스턴 블롯 실험을 통해 억제 메커니즘이 확인되었습니다. 추가적으로, 허용 가능한 PK 프로필과 PD-L1 차단 활성은 납 화합물의 효능을 검증했습니다. 면역체계 강화에 대한 추가 평가와 항암 효과에 대한 생체 내 연구도 공개될 예정이다.

    목차

    1. 1. Development of potential papain-like protease inhibitors for the treatment of viruses 1
      1.1. Introduction 2
      1.1.1. The nature and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 2
      1.1.2. Papain-like protease 3
      1.1.3. The need of developing SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors 5
      1.1.4. Aim of the study and hypothesis 6
      1.2. Results 9
      1.2.1. Synthesis of compounds 4a-c, 6a-l, 8a-b, 10a-b, and 12a-d 9
      1.2.2. In vitro antiproliferative activity 14
      1.2.3. In vitro ADME and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles of compounds 6e and 6f 18
      1.3. Materials and methods 22
      1.3.1. Chemistry 22
      1.3.1.1. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 2a-b 22
      1.3.1.1.1. Methyl 2,4-dimethoxybenzoate (2a) 23
      1.3.1.1.2. Methyl 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzoate (2b) 23
      1.3.1.2. Methyl 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzoate (3) 23
      1.3.1.3. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 4a-c 24
      1.3.1.3.1. 2,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid (4a) 24
      1.3.1.3.2. 2,4,6-Trimethoxybenzoic acid (4b) 24
      1.3.1.3.3. 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzoic acid (4c) 24
      1.3.1.4. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 6a-l 24
      1.3.1.4.1. 2-Amino-5-methyl-N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)benzamide (6a) 25
      1.3.1.4.2. 2,4-Dimethoxy-N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)benzamide (6b) 25
      1.3.1.4.3. 2,4,6-Trimethoxy-N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)benzamide (6c) 26
      1.3.1.4.4. 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)benzamide (6d) 26
      1.3.1.4.5. N-(1-(Naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)quinoline-3-carboxamide (6e) 26
      1.3.1.4.6. 6-Chloro-N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)picolinamide (6f) 27
      1.3.1.4.7. N-(1-(Naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)isonicotinamide (6g) 27
      1.3.1.4.8. 1-Methyl-N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide (6h) 27
      1.3.1.4.9. 5-Methyl-N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (6i) 28
      1.3.1.4.10. N-(1-(Naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)-3,5-dioxocyclohexane-1-carboxamide (6j) 28
      1.3.1.4.11. 3-Methoxy-N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)-5-oxocyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxamide (6k) 28
      1.3.1.4.12. 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)cyclohexa-2,4-diene -1-carboxamide (6l) 29
      1.3.1.5. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 8a-b 29
      1.3.1.5.1. 2-Amino-5-methyl-N-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (8a) 29
      1.3.1.5.2. 2,4-Dimethoxy-N-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (8b) 30
      1.3.1.6. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 10a-b 30
      1.3.1.6.1. N-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-2-amino-5-methylbenzamide (10a) 30
      1.3.1.6.2. N-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-2,4-dimethoxybenzamide (10b) 31
      1.3.1.7. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 12a-d 31
      1.3.1.7.1. (R)-N-(1-(Naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)quinoline-3-carboxamide (12a) 31
      1.3.1.7.2. (R)-2-Methyl-N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)quinoline-3-carboxamide (12b) 32
      1.3.1.7.3. (R)-2,4-Dimethoxy-6-methyl-N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)benzamide (12c) 32
      1.3.1.7.4. (R)-6-Chloro-N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)picolinamide (12d) 32
      1.3.2. Biology 33
      1.3.2.1. Virus and cell 33
      1.3.2.2. Dose-response curve (DRC) analysis by cytopathic effect (CPE) 33
      1.3.2.3. CYP450 inhibition assay 34
      1.3.2.4. Liver microsomal stability assay 35
      1.3.2.5. Plasma protein binding assay 36
      1.3.2.6. In vivo pharmacokinetics study 36
      1.4. Discussion 38
      1.5. Conclusion 40
      2. Synthesis and biological evaluation of BRD4-HDAC1/2 dual inhibitors for anti-cancer drug development 41
      2.1. Introduction 42
      2.1.1. Epigenetics 42
      2.1.2. Histone deacetylases 43
      2.1.2.1. Subtypes of HDACs and class I HDACs'' features 43
      2.3.2.2. Protein structures of class I and IIb HDACs 45
      2.1.3. HDAC inhibitors 48
      2.1.3.1. Design of HDACis 48
      2.1.3.1. FDA-approved HDACis and their drawbacks 49
      2.1.4. BRD4 and its role in resistance to HDACis 49
      2.1.5. Aims of the study and hypothesis 51
      2.2. Results 55
      2.2.1. Synthesis of compound 5, 13a-c and 21 55
      2.2.2. The selectivity of HDAC1/2/3 over HDAC6 60
      2.2.3. Inhibition of cancer cell growth 63
      2.2.4. In vitro ADME and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles 67
      2.2.5. BRD4-HDAC1 dual inhibition of 14b on MDA-MB-231 cells 71
      2.2.6. Compound 14b suppressed PD-L1 on MDA-MB-231 cells 75
      2. 3. Materials and methods 78
      2.3.1. Chemistry 78
      2.3.1.1. Tert-butyl (2-(4-(((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)ben-zamido)phenyl)- carbamate (3) 78
      2.3.1.2. (S)-N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-((2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-tri-methyl-6H-thieno [3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)-acetamido)methyl)benzamide (5) 79
      2.3.1.3. Tert-butyl (4-bromo-2-nitrophenyl)carbamate (7) 80
      2.3.1.4. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 8a-c 81
      2.3.1.4.1. Tert-butyl (4-(furan-2-yl)-2-nitrophenyl)carbamate (8b) 81
      2.3.1.5. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 9a-c 81
      2.3.1.5.1. Tert-butyl (2-amino-4-(furan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate (9b) 82
      2.3.1.6. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 10a-c 82
      2.3.1.6.1. Tert-butyl-(2-(4-(chloromethyl)benzamido)-4-(furan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate (10b) 82
      2.3.1.7. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 11a-c 83
      2.3.1.7.1. Tert-butyl-(2-(4-((1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)methyl)benzamido)-4-(furan2-yl)phenyl)carbamate (11b) 83
      2.3.1.8. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 12a-c 83
      2.3.1.8.1. Tert-butyl (2-(4-(aminomethyl)benzamido)-4-(furan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate (12b) 84
      2.3.1.9. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 13a-c 84
      2.3.1.9.1. Tert-butyl (S)-(2-(4-((2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno [3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)acetamido)methyl)benzamido)-4- (furan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate (13b) 84
      2.3.1.10. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 14a-c 85
      2.3.1.10.1. Tert-butyl (S)-(2-(4-((2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno- [3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)acetamido)methyl)benzamido)-4- (furan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate (14b) 85
      2.3.2. Biology 86
      2.3.2.1. Cell culture 86
      2.3.2.2. Fluorogenic HDACs enzymatic assay 87
      2.3.2.3. Cell proliferation MTS assay 87
      2.3.2.4. CYP450 inhibition assay 88
      2.3.2.5. Liver microsomal stability assay 88
      2.3.2.6. In vivo pharmacokinetics study 89
      2.3.2.7. Western blot analysis 89
      2.3.2.8. Immunofluorescence 90
      2.4. Discussion 91
      2.5. Conclusion 94
      References 95
      Appendix 105
      Abstract (English) 129
      Abstract (Korean) 131

    최근 본 자료 전체보기