지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
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本調査는 1981年7~8月에 全局養鷄農家294戶에 對하여 調査分析한 것으로 經營實熊 生産技術 意議構造와 애로및 建議事項을 聽取 集計分析 하였으며 이를 要約하면
1. 經營主의 年今層은 31~45才까지가 67.76%로 主軸이며 50才以上의 老壯層도 15.94%가 經營하고 있다.
2. 學歷을 보면 高卒以上이 73.9%로 比較的 높은 水準이었다.
3. 養鷄經歷은 採卵業에서는 經歷이 길고 肉鷄는 日淺함을 알수있다.
4. 養鷄事業을 하기前의 職業은 農業을 하다가 養鷄를 着手한者가 32.35%이고 其他 會社員, 公務員, 軍人들이 많았다.
5. 養鷄만 專業하는者가 58.62%이고 나머지는 農事와 公職者의 兼職으로 經營되고 있다.
6. 採卵과 肉鷄를 專業하는 以外 養豚, 酩農, 作物, 園芸等 多角的인 營農을 兼業으로 하고있는者가 相當히 있었다.
7. 養鷄를 처음始作할 때 首數는 採卵鷄의 경우 1,000首以下부터가 42.35%이며 肉鷄는 1,000~2,000首規模부터가 40.95%로 比較的 零細하게 始作되었다.
8. 現在 飼育規模는 採卵鷄가 5,000~10,000 首가 37.13%이고 肉鷄도 5,000~10,000 首規模가 38.32%로 擴大 發展되고있다.
9. 雇傭人의 數는 自家勞動이 23.16%이고 1~3人 雇傭人을 가지고 經營하는 農家가 51.47%이며 20人以上도 1.47%나 되고 있다.
10 初生雛選擇은 品質爲主로 優良한것을 購人하는곳이 74.26% 가장 많았다.
11. 飼料選擇도 品質爲主로 選擇하는곳이 65.19% 가장 많았으나 外上때문에 購人하는곳이 15.7%나 되고 있었다.
12. 飼料의 購人方法은 工場과 直去來되고있는곳이 65.47%이고 代理店에서 購人하는 것이 26.62%나 되고있다.
13. 飼料代金支拂方法은 現金으로 購人하는 곳이 採卵業 19.39%, 肉鷄業 32.74%이며 大部分 30~60日 外上으로 購人하고 있는 形便이다.
14. 藥品의 購人은 藥品商과 家畜病院에서 購人하고 있었다.
15. 記帳은 간단히 하고있는者가 47.52%이 正確히 하고 있는者는 43.57%이있다. 그런데 귀찮아서 하지 않고있는者 가 約金40%이며 金錢出納簿를 하고있는곳이 不過 21~22%밖에 되지 않으며 一般的으로 記帳에 소홀하고 있음을 알 수 있다.
16. 鷄卵販賣去來는 都販商에게 74.02%가 去來되고 있으며 其他 수집商, 小賣商의 順이였다. 그리고 等內販賣가 85.81%이며 重量販賣하고있는 곳도 12.25%되고 있었다.
破卵은 自家消費가 53.76%이고 값싸게 販賣되고 있는것이 43.93%이었다.
17. 淘汰鷄 販賣는 都賣商에게 38.61% 수집商에게 37.97% 其他는 自家消費와 小賣商의 順이며는 死鷄는 파뭇는것이 24.87%, 家畜飼料가 20.11%이고 自家消費가 33.33%이다.
닭의 販賣方法은 마리당 適當히 파는것이 70.97%이고 重量販賣가 26.45%로 되어있다. 앞으로 等級에 의한 重量販賣가 要請된다.
18. 鷄糞處理는 販賣가 63.89%이고 버리던가 거져주는것이 23.89%이다.
販賣價格은 한車에 8,000~13,000원 程度이었다.
19. 肉鷄販賣는 大商人去來가 51.16%이고 수집 小商人去來가 37.79%이며 屠鷄場과 去來는 9.88%로 되어있다.
20. 肉鷄出荷方法은 일시에 全部파는것이 66.45%이고 나머지는 추려서되는 대로 파는 것으로 나타났다.
21. 肉鷄의 入雛는 年中均一하게 育成하는 者가 52.67%이며 나머지는 形便과 季節에 따라 入雛하는 者였다.
22. 鷄卵의 生産原價를 35~50원까지 中 45원 程度가 27.74%이며 肉鷄는 800~1,00원中 900원이 49.32%이었다.
23. 産卵鷄의 育雛率이 96.59%, 育成率이93.81% 成鷄生存率이 86.03%의 平均値였다.
鷄群中 始産하는 日令이 平均 139.9日 이며 性成熱日命이 168.2이고 最高産픽크가 208.06日로 나타났다.
24. 成鷄産卵期間이 平均 12~13個월이며 15個월 以后에는 거의 淘汰되었다.
25. 淘汰時 産卵率은 收支가 맞지 않을때 淘汰하는者가 53.75%이고 60%産卵時에 24.37%가 淘汰를 하고 있었다.
26. 强制換羽는 必要에 따라 하는곳이 47.7% 이고 하지않은者가 43.2%였다.
27. 育成中에 飼料制限을 量 또는 質的으로 하고 있는者가 78.3%이며 하지 않는者가 21.7%나 되고있다.
28. 産卵率은 平均 73.34%이고 最高産卵 픽크가 91.6%이며 産卵數는 251.3個였다.
29. 卵重의 生産比率은 特卵이 54.3% 大卵이 28.18%, 中卵이 8.86%, 小卵이 2.72%, 輕卵이 0.8%이며 王特卵이 4.54%, 雙卵이 0.58%의 比率이었다.
30. 破卵率은 2%以下가 60.4%악이고 3%가 28.19%이나 이는 實破와 重破 것으로 팔지 못하는 破卵만의 率일것으로 予想한다.
31. 点燈을 適當히 하고 있는者가 19.1%이고 原則대로 하고있는者가 81%였다.
32. 입부리를 자르고있는者가 66.88%이며 안자른다는 11.4%이었다. 그리고 필요에 따라 자르는 것이 22.08%이였다.
33. 成鷄 1首當 給與量은 111~125g程度이나 적게는 105g, 많게는 141以上도 있다.
34. 飼料給與方法은 全部 마른사료를 먹이고 있으며 回數給與가 49.5%이며 自由採食케하고 있는者가 27.7%이었다.
35. 配合飼料를 購人하여 비타민을 添加給與하고 있는곳이 48.39%이고 抗生劑를 添加하는곳이 33.6%나되고 있다. 이는 品質不信의 結果라고본다.
36. 飼料를 能力과 季節에 따라 計算하여 給與하고있는者가 32.7%이고 自由採食케하는者는 39.5%이며 制限適正量을 주고있는곳이 27.78%로 나타나고 있다.
37. 淘汰時 닭狀熊가 普通인것이 84.57%이고 말려있는것이 7.41%, 脂肪鷄가 8.02%이었다.
38. 肉鷄飼育方法은 90%가 平飼이고 케이지 飼育이 3.29%이며 兼用이 6.58%이었다.
39. 肉鷄出荷體重이 1.6~2㎏가 75.97%이고 2㎏以上은 10.39%이고 1.3~1.6㎏에 出荷되는것이 12.99%이었다.
40. 8週令의 體重이 1.8~2㎏되는것이 69.08%이고 2㎏以上이 3.29%나 되고있다.
41. 飼料要求率은 2.2~2.8인ㅂ 2.4~2.5의 水準 61%나되고 있다.
42. 育成期間은 8週令이 63.86%이고 9~10週까지 育成되는것이 적지 않었다.
43. 1回入雛되는 規模는 2,000首式이 46.98%이고 1,000首式이 32.89%이며 3,000首式이 14.09%로 나타나고 있다.
44. 育雛時 熱料는 연탄이 96.75%였다.
45. 肉鷄飼料에 添加給與하는것이 營養劑와 抗生劑를 添加하고있는者가 37%以上이며 콕시듐제, 成長促進, 酵素劑의 添加도 있다.
46. 入雛后 1週日以內 폐사하는것이 1%가 37%, 2%폐사가 37%이며 5%까지 폐사되는것도 적지 않았다.
47. 点燈은 밤새도록 불을켜고있는 곳이 57%이고 밤에 한번쯤 켜는 것이 14.77% 全然켜지 않는 곳이 16.77%이었다.
48. 飼料給與方法(肉鷄)은 自由採食이 65%回數給與가 32.24%로 되어있다.
49. 肉鷄 育成出荷率이 95%가 41.56%이며 97%出荷가 20.13%, 93%出荷가 16.88%로서 育成率이 低調한 편이다.
50. 入雛間隔은 1週日마다 入雛가 44.9%이며 2週間隔으로 入雛되는것이 40.14%나 되어 連統人雛現況을 알수있다.
51. 疾病發生이 많은것의 順位는 呼吸器病, 마렉, 콕시듐, 설사, 백혈병, 뉴一캣슬, 産卵低下正, 雛白痢 順序로 發生率이 되어있다.
52. 抗生劑利用을 보면 必要에 따라 먹이는 것이 78.62%이고 正規的인 投與가 16.98% 恒常投與가 3.14%, 안먹이는곳이 1.26%이다.
53. 뉴캣슬과 계두의 予防接腫이 철저하게 되지 못하고 있음을 알수있다.
54. 將次 養鷄事業의 繼續性에 대한 思考가 採卵業에서 29.49%이고 肉鷄業은 49.02%밖에 되지 않으며 다른 事業과 兼業希望이 採卵에서 35.26%, 肉鷄에서 21.57%이며 할수없이 하고있는者는 採卵에서 19.87% 肉鷄에서 16.67%이고 轉業希望者가 採卵에서 15.38%, 肉鷄에서 12.74%로 나타나고 있다.
55. 앞으로 好況時 擴大하겠다고 하는者는 採卵 10%, 肉鷄25.71% 밖에되지 않으며 擴大를 하지 않겠다고하는者가 採卵에서 34.71%, 肉鷄에서 27.62%이며 다른 事業으로 轉換이 採卵 31.18%, 肉鷄 22.86%이고 兼業擴大가 24% 程度이다.
56. 將來希望은 多角的인 綜合農場建設이 가장 많고, 社會에 奉仕와 다른 事業으로 轉業等을 볼수있다.
57. 肉鷄의 嗜好性을 보면 쇠고리, 닭고기, 돼지고기, 생선, 물고기, 개고기의 順位로 나타나고 있다.
58. 鷄卵과 鷄肉의 消費量을 보면 破卵과 폐계및 死鷄等을 自家消費하기 때문에 一般消費者보다 많이 먹고 있음을 알수있다.
59. 事業經營中 애로点을 보면 자금不足, 飼料品質, 疾病, 鷄卵販賣, 初生雛品質, 稅金, 施設改善, 技術不足, 人事管理, 淘汰雛處分, 環境公害, 施設擴充, 經營未熟 等의 順으로 애로점을 갖고있다.
60. 養鷄振與法의 制定을 71%以上이 贊成하고 있다.
61. 養鷄安定基金의 造成을 80%찬성하고 있으며 去出方法은 飼料에 附加하는것을 71%以上이고 닭마리수와 병아리에다 附加하자는 順位로 되어있다.
62. 부화장은 初生雛 品質向上을 위하여 淨化하자는 意見이 96%인바 앞으로 對策이 강구되어야 한다.
63. 養鷄産業의 安定을 위하여 申告, 登錄 나아가서는 쿼타制로 하자는것이 87%로 壓倒的인바 時急히 檢討될 問題이다.
64. 養鷄組合의 構成을 希望하는 者가 74.81%인바 關係當局에서 유도한고 支援하여 組合 構成을 促進하기 바란다.
65. 協會의 機能强化와 活性化를 熱望하고 있으며 또한 參與와 協力을 促求하고 있다.
66. 飼料品質에 대하여 의심스럽다하는 것이 50.63%이고 나쁘다하는것이 26.25% 滿足 하다하는것이 23.12%로 나타나고 있다.
67. 養鷄專門技術講習所의 設置에 贊成하는者가 75.19%되고 꼭 있어야 하겠다는것이 16.66%이고 必要없다가 8.15%로 나타나고 있다.
68. 養鷄事業의 安定과 振與을 위한 要望事項을 要約하면,
1) 畜産物의 價格安定과 適正
2) 流通體系의 改善
3) 稅金減免期間延長
4) 畜産物의 過多한 輸人禁止
5) 飼料品質의 向上과 價格安定
6) 鷄卵의 貯藏과 加工施設擴張
7) 鷄卵 및 鷄肉의 消費促進弘報
8) 安定基金의 造成
9) 屠鷄場施設의 擴張
10) 屠鷄流通의 無理없는 定着
11) 孵化場의 단속强化
12) 畜産法改正으로 養鷄安定法의 制定
13) 家畜藥品의 品質向上
14) 養鷄場의 申告登錄 또는 許可制로
15) 鷄卵과 鷄肉 專門市場 開設
16) 種鷄 需給調節
17) 一貫性있는 施策
18) 畜舍施設의 許可 간소화
19) 協會機能强化와 活性化
20) 養鷄組合構成 促求
21) 防疫事業 强化와 被害보상
22) 初生雛品質向上
23) 養鷄器具輸人에 免稅
24) 錄地帶에 畜舍施設 금지완화
25) 鷄卵과 鷄肉加工品 開發促求
This research was carried out from July to August, 1981, to analyse the true state of management, the skill of production, the structure of consciousness about the selected 294 poultry-farms, and to know about their bottlenecks and suggestions.
The results obtained w~re as follows;
1. As for manager's ages, 31 to 45 years old men rate was 67.76%. upper 50years old men 15.94%.
2. 79.9% of farm owners possess, attainments equal to or higher than those of upper secondary school graduates.
3. In poultry farming career of the investigated person, layer chicken industry was longer than broiler.
4. Occupations of farm owners before doing poultry farming were farmers (32.35%), company employees, civil servants and soldiers, etc.
5. 58.62% of the person ran only poultry farming and the rest of them held the additional office of a farmer and a public officer.
6. There were many people who made a speciality of poultry farming holding' additional jobs as dairy farming, cultivating crops, gardening, etc.
7. 42.55% of the person began poultry fanning with under 1,000 layer chickens. And the rate of the ones with 1,000-2,000 broilers for the first time consisted 40.95%.
8. Present breeding scale was that the rate of the farmers having 5,000-10,000 layer chickens was 37.13% and the ones having 5,000-10,000 broilers 58.32%.
9. The rate of the person supplying self-labor was 23.16%, the person having 1.5 employees 51.47% and the ones having under 20 employees 1.47%.
10. 74.26% of the poultry farms. used very g()')d quality of baby chicks.
11. The rate of the farms which used chicken feed making the point of the quality of it was 65.47% and the ones which bought it on credit 26.62%.
12. 65.47% bought feed directly from factories and 26.62% bought it from commercial agents.
13. The rate of the layer chicken farms paying for feed in cash was 19.39% and the broiler farms 32.74%. Most of the farms bought feed on credit by 30-60 days.
14. They bought the medicine for chicken from animal drug stores or veterinary hospitals.
15. The rate of the person posting up accounts roughly was 47.52% and that of the ones doing them detaily was 43.57%, 40% did not do them because of bother and only 21-22% had their own cashbooks.
16. Transactions of egg selling were done with wholesale trade (74.02%), collecting store, and retail trade in order. Transactions rate according to egg bulk's grade was 85.81%, and transactions according to egg weight12.25%. The farm owners rate self. consuming broken eggs was 53.76%, the ones selling them in cheap price 43.93%.
17. Older chickens were sold to wholesale trade (38.61%), collecting store (37.97%) and self-consumed, and sold to retail trade in order. In the selling means of chicken, 70.97% sold by the weight.
18. The person's rate selling chicken's feces was 63.89%, 23.89% threw it away or gave someone it free charge. The selling price of it was 8,000-15,000 wons a truck.
19. The selling system of broiler consisted of transactions with wholesale trade 51.16%, collecting store 37.79% and slaughter-house 9.88%.
20. In shipping of broiler, the farm owner's rate adapting all-in all-out system was 66.45% and rest of them sold chickens on the basis of rough estimation.
21. 52.67% supplied baby chicks for broiler in constant rate annually but rest of them supplied them according to situation or season.
22. The cost price range of egg production was 35-50 wons per one. 27.74% costed 45 wons as cost price. In broiler industry, 49.32%, costed 900 wons in the range of 800?1,100 wons per kg.
23. Breeding rate of layer chicken was 96.59%, growth rate 93.81 %. and living rate of matured chickens was 86.03% in average. Among the 23 chicken groups, the day of the first egg laying was 139.9 days, the day of sexual maturity was 168.2 days in average and the peak day of egg production was revealed as 208.06 days.
24. Egg laying period was average 12-13 monthes. After 15 monthes, almost all of the layer chickens were weeded out.
25. In weeding out olderchickens, 53.75% did it when they did not pay and 24.37% did it when egg laying rate was 60%.
26. The rate of farm owners doing forced feather change was 47.7%. 43.2% did not do it.
27. In feeding chickens, the person's rate doing restrained feed supplying in quality or quantity aspect were 78.3%. 21.7% did not do it.
28. Average egg laying rate was 73.54%, the highest egg laying rate was 91.6% and the numbers of eggs laid were average 251.3.
29. As for the production rate of egg weight, 54.3% were very large size of eggs, 28.18% were large size, 8.86% were middle size, 2.72% were small size, 0.8% were light weight, 4.54% were king size, 0.58% were double yolked eggs.
30. Less than 2% of broken egg rate was 60.4%, less than 3% of it was 28.19%. These might be the rates of eggs which could not be sold because of their heavily broken condition.
31. 19.1% used lighting system cursorily but 81% used it correctly according to the principle.
32. 66.88% cut chicken's beak, but 11.04% did not. 22.08% did it because of necessity.
33. The quantity of water per one matured chicken was average 111-125g; from 105g to l41g.
34. All of the farm owners breeded their chickens with dried feed. 49.5% adapted restricted feeding system and 27.7% did free feeding system.
35. The rate of the person adding vitamine to completely mixed feed bought was 48.39% and the ones adding antibiotic 33.6%.
36. 32.7% supplyed their chickens with feed calculated according to their ability and season. 39.5% fed them in free feeding system. 27.78% supplyed them with moderate quantity of feed.
37. When being weeded out 84.57% were suitable in fatness state, 7.41% were thin and 8.02% were fat.
38. In the means of broiler raising, 90% breeded broilers in ground raising system, 3.29% did in cage system and 6.58% did in both system and 6.58% did in both systems at the same.
39. 75.97% broilers weighed 1.6.2 kg when they shipped. 10.39% weighed more them
2kg and 12.99% weighed 1.3-1.6kg.
40. 69.08% weighed 1.8-2gh in 8 weeks' age, 3,29% weighed more than 2kg.
41. In feed demanding rate, 61 % were revealed as 2.4.2.5 in the range of 2.2 to 2.8. 42. As for period for growth, 63.86% were 8 weeks' age and the number of the chickens needed 9-10 weeks' age for growth was not low.
43. In the number of chickens supplyed in one time. 46.98% were 2,000 chickens system. 32.89% were 1,000. chickens system and 14.09% were 3,000 chickens system.
44. The consuming rate of briquet as a fuel in breeding period was 96.75%.
45. The rate of the person adding entropic or antibiotic to the feed for broiler was more than 37%. And it seemed that many people added a medicines for anticocciduosis, an aid to promote groWth or an enzyme, etc.
46. The rate of chickens being died 1% within 1 week after being supplyed was 37%. The rate of them being died 2% was 37% and there were not few being died as much as 5%.
47. In lightening system, the rate of the person having their chicken barracks lightened through the night was 57%. the person switching on the light just one time at the night 14.77% and 16.77% did not lighten.
48. In the means of supplying feed in broyler, 65% did free feeding system and 32.24% did restricted feeding system.
49. The rate of the farm owners making broiler groWth shipping rate as 95% was 41.56% the ones making shipping rate as 97% was 20.13% and the ones making 93% was 16.88%.
50. As for intervals of supplying baby chicks, 44.9% did supplying them every one week, 40.14% did it every two weeks.
51. The diseases brought about were a respiratory organic disease, marek's disease,
chicken cocciduosis,diarrhea, lymphoid leukosis, newcastle, a disease of decreasing egg laying, pullorum disease in order.
52. 78.62% farms added antibiotic because of necessity, 16.98% added it in regular intervals, 3.14% always added it and 1.26% did not add it.
53. It was revealed that newcastle and fowl pox were not perfectly prevented by vaccinations.
54. In the investigation of continuity of poultry farming industry, the rate of the person who would continue to do poultryfarming in layer chicken industry was 29.49%, and in broiler industry, the rate was 49.02%. 35.26% would like to hold other jobs at the same time in layer chicken industry, and in broiler industry the rate was 21.57%. 19.87% ran poultry farm without vigorous hope in layer egg industry. In broiler industry the rate was 16.67%. The rate of person hoping to change their jobs in layer egg industry was 15.38%, in broiler industry, the rate was 12.74%.
55. The rate of person hoping to enlarge their business when properous conditions was 10% in layer chicken industry and was 25.71% in broiler industry. 34.71% in layer chicken industry and 27.62% in broiler industry wouldn't like to enlarge their businesses in the future. 31.18% in layer bird industry and 22.86% in broiler industry would like to change their jobs. The rate of the person holding other jobs at the same time who would like to enlarge their businesses was 24%.
56. The future hopes of person investigated were construction of manysided overall farm, contribution to the society and changing job in order.
57. Tastes of meat were beef, chicken, pork, fish in sea, fish in lake, dog meat in order.
58. It was shown that poultry farmers ate more meat than ordinary consumers because poultry farmers usually self-consumed broken eggs, older chickens, or dead chickens having brought about in their farms.
59. The bottlenecks in the management of poultry farming were in order, shortage of capital, feed quality. disease, egg selling, baby chicks quality, taxes, improvement of facilities, deficit of skill, personel management, treatment of older chickens, environmental pollution, enlargement of facilities, unskilled management, etc.
60. 71 % agreed to establishment of a law for improving poultry farming industry.
61. 80% agreed to making funds for security of poultry farming industry. More than 71 % consented to collect the fund by adding special money to the cost of feed and some of the rests consented to collect special money for fund according to the number of chickens or of baby chicks.
62. 96% suggested purification for improving the quality of baby chicks.
63. 87% suggested notification system, registration system, and quarter system for stabilizing poultry farming industry.
64. 74.81 % hoped to establish poultry farming industry cooperation.
65. Many people desired to strengthen the association's functions, and urged to participate it and to cooperate one another.
66. 50.63% doubted the feed quality, 26.25% said the quality was bad. 23.12% were satisfied with the quality.
67. 75.19% consented to establish the training course of special poultry farming technics, 16.66% said it had to be founded, 8.15% said it did not necessary.
68. Desirous items surveyed for settling and improving poultry farming industry were as follows:
1) Stablizing and appropriating the price of farm animal goods
2) Improvement of circulation system of transactions
3) Extending the period of tax reduction
4) Prohibiting too much import of farm animal goods
5) Promoting feed quality and stabilizing its price
6) Expanding the estabilishment of the preserving and the processing of eggs
7) Advertizing to accelerate the consumption of eggs and chickens
8) Formation fund for stabilizing poultry farming industry
9) Extending the facilities of chicken slaughter-houses
10) Settling the system of selling circulation of slaughted chickens
11) Rigid enforcement of regulations of hacheries
12) Establishing the law for stablizing poultry farm industry through the revision of the pres ant law of animal husbandary
13) Improving the quality of medicine for animal
14) Establishing the report and registration system or the licence system of poultry farm
15) Settling the special marcket of eggs or chickens
16) Adjusting supply and demand of parent stocks
17) Making consistent policy of poultry farming industry
18) Simplicaing permission procedure to settle the facilities of cattle sheds
19) Inforcing and activating the association's function
20) Urging the formation of poultry farming cooperation
21) Inforcing the prevention from infection and compensating damages caused
22) Improving the quality of baby chicks
23) Exempting from taxes of import of impliments for poultry farming
24) Relaxing the law prohibiting from establishing cattle sheds in green belt area
25) Pressing the exploitation of manufactured goods of eggs or chickens.
1. 經營主의 年今層은 31~45才까지가 67.76%로 主軸이며 50才以上의 老壯層도 15.94%가 經營하고 있다.
2. 學歷을 보면 高卒以上이 73.9%로 比較的 높은 水準이었다.
3. 養鷄經歷은 採卵業에서는 經歷이 길고 肉鷄는 日淺함을 알수있다.
4. 養鷄事業을 하기前의 職業은 農業을 하다가 養鷄를 着手한者가 32.35%이고 其他 會社員, 公務員, 軍人들이 많았다.
5. 養鷄만 專業하는者가 58.62%이고 나머지는 農事와 公職者의 兼職으로 經營되고 있다.
6. 採卵과 肉鷄를 專業하는 以外 養豚, 酩農, 作物, 園芸等 多角的인 營農을 兼業으로 하고있는者가 相當히 있었다.
7. 養鷄를 처음始作할 때 首數는 採卵鷄의 경우 1,000首以下부터가 42.35%이며 肉鷄는 1,000~2,000首規模부터가 40.95%로 比較的 零細하게 始作되었다.
8. 現在 飼育規模는 採卵鷄가 5,000~10,000 首가 37.13%이고 肉鷄도 5,000~10,000 首規模가 38.32%로 擴大 發展되고있다.
9. 雇傭人의 數는 自家勞動이 23.16%이고 1~3人 雇傭人을 가지고 經營하는 農家가 51.47%이며 20人以上도 1.47%나 되고 있다.
10 初生雛選擇은 品質爲主로 優良한것을 購人하는곳이 74.26% 가장 많았다.
11. 飼料選擇도 品質爲主로 選擇하는곳이 65.19% 가장 많았으나 外上때문에 購人하는곳이 15.7%나 되고 있었다.
12. 飼料의 購人方法은 工場과 直去來되고있는곳이 65.47%이고 代理店에서 購人하는 것이 26.62%나 되고있다.
13. 飼料代金支拂方法은 現金으로 購人하는 곳이 採卵業 19.39%, 肉鷄業 32.74%이며 大部分 30~60日 外上으로 購人하고 있는 形便이다.
14. 藥品의 購人은 藥品商과 家畜病院에서 購人하고 있었다.
15. 記帳은 간단히 하고있는者가 47.52%이 正確히 하고 있는者는 43.57%이있다. 그런데 귀찮아서 하지 않고있는者 가 約金40%이며 金錢出納簿를 하고있는곳이 不過 21~22%밖에 되지 않으며 一般的으로 記帳에 소홀하고 있음을 알 수 있다.
16. 鷄卵販賣去來는 都販商에게 74.02%가 去來되고 있으며 其他 수집商, 小賣商의 順이였다. 그리고 等內販賣가 85.81%이며 重量販賣하고있는 곳도 12.25%되고 있었다.
破卵은 自家消費가 53.76%이고 값싸게 販賣되고 있는것이 43.93%이었다.
17. 淘汰鷄 販賣는 都賣商에게 38.61% 수집商에게 37.97% 其他는 自家消費와 小賣商의 順이며는 死鷄는 파뭇는것이 24.87%, 家畜飼料가 20.11%이고 自家消費가 33.33%이다.
닭의 販賣方法은 마리당 適當히 파는것이 70.97%이고 重量販賣가 26.45%로 되어있다. 앞으로 等級에 의한 重量販賣가 要請된다.
18. 鷄糞處理는 販賣가 63.89%이고 버리던가 거져주는것이 23.89%이다.
販賣價格은 한車에 8,000~13,000원 程度이었다.
19. 肉鷄販賣는 大商人去來가 51.16%이고 수집 小商人去來가 37.79%이며 屠鷄場과 去來는 9.88%로 되어있다.
20. 肉鷄出荷方法은 일시에 全部파는것이 66.45%이고 나머지는 추려서되는 대로 파는 것으로 나타났다.
21. 肉鷄의 入雛는 年中均一하게 育成하는 者가 52.67%이며 나머지는 形便과 季節에 따라 入雛하는 者였다.
22. 鷄卵의 生産原價를 35~50원까지 中 45원 程度가 27.74%이며 肉鷄는 800~1,00원中 900원이 49.32%이었다.
23. 産卵鷄의 育雛率이 96.59%, 育成率이93.81% 成鷄生存率이 86.03%의 平均値였다.
鷄群中 始産하는 日令이 平均 139.9日 이며 性成熱日命이 168.2이고 最高産픽크가 208.06日로 나타났다.
24. 成鷄産卵期間이 平均 12~13個월이며 15個월 以后에는 거의 淘汰되었다.
25. 淘汰時 産卵率은 收支가 맞지 않을때 淘汰하는者가 53.75%이고 60%産卵時에 24.37%가 淘汰를 하고 있었다.
26. 强制換羽는 必要에 따라 하는곳이 47.7% 이고 하지않은者가 43.2%였다.
27. 育成中에 飼料制限을 量 또는 質的으로 하고 있는者가 78.3%이며 하지 않는者가 21.7%나 되고있다.
28. 産卵率은 平均 73.34%이고 最高産卵 픽크가 91.6%이며 産卵數는 251.3個였다.
29. 卵重의 生産比率은 特卵이 54.3% 大卵이 28.18%, 中卵이 8.86%, 小卵이 2.72%, 輕卵이 0.8%이며 王特卵이 4.54%, 雙卵이 0.58%의 比率이었다.
30. 破卵率은 2%以下가 60.4%악이고 3%가 28.19%이나 이는 實破와 重破 것으로 팔지 못하는 破卵만의 率일것으로 予想한다.
31. 点燈을 適當히 하고 있는者가 19.1%이고 原則대로 하고있는者가 81%였다.
32. 입부리를 자르고있는者가 66.88%이며 안자른다는 11.4%이었다. 그리고 필요에 따라 자르는 것이 22.08%이였다.
33. 成鷄 1首當 給與量은 111~125g程度이나 적게는 105g, 많게는 141以上도 있다.
34. 飼料給與方法은 全部 마른사료를 먹이고 있으며 回數給與가 49.5%이며 自由採食케하고 있는者가 27.7%이었다.
35. 配合飼料를 購人하여 비타민을 添加給與하고 있는곳이 48.39%이고 抗生劑를 添加하는곳이 33.6%나되고 있다. 이는 品質不信의 結果라고본다.
36. 飼料를 能力과 季節에 따라 計算하여 給與하고있는者가 32.7%이고 自由採食케하는者는 39.5%이며 制限適正量을 주고있는곳이 27.78%로 나타나고 있다.
37. 淘汰時 닭狀熊가 普通인것이 84.57%이고 말려있는것이 7.41%, 脂肪鷄가 8.02%이었다.
38. 肉鷄飼育方法은 90%가 平飼이고 케이지 飼育이 3.29%이며 兼用이 6.58%이었다.
39. 肉鷄出荷體重이 1.6~2㎏가 75.97%이고 2㎏以上은 10.39%이고 1.3~1.6㎏에 出荷되는것이 12.99%이었다.
40. 8週令의 體重이 1.8~2㎏되는것이 69.08%이고 2㎏以上이 3.29%나 되고있다.
41. 飼料要求率은 2.2~2.8인ㅂ 2.4~2.5의 水準 61%나되고 있다.
42. 育成期間은 8週令이 63.86%이고 9~10週까지 育成되는것이 적지 않었다.
43. 1回入雛되는 規模는 2,000首式이 46.98%이고 1,000首式이 32.89%이며 3,000首式이 14.09%로 나타나고 있다.
44. 育雛時 熱料는 연탄이 96.75%였다.
45. 肉鷄飼料에 添加給與하는것이 營養劑와 抗生劑를 添加하고있는者가 37%以上이며 콕시듐제, 成長促進, 酵素劑의 添加도 있다.
46. 入雛后 1週日以內 폐사하는것이 1%가 37%, 2%폐사가 37%이며 5%까지 폐사되는것도 적지 않았다.
47. 点燈은 밤새도록 불을켜고있는 곳이 57%이고 밤에 한번쯤 켜는 것이 14.77% 全然켜지 않는 곳이 16.77%이었다.
48. 飼料給與方法(肉鷄)은 自由採食이 65%回數給與가 32.24%로 되어있다.
49. 肉鷄 育成出荷率이 95%가 41.56%이며 97%出荷가 20.13%, 93%出荷가 16.88%로서 育成率이 低調한 편이다.
50. 入雛間隔은 1週日마다 入雛가 44.9%이며 2週間隔으로 入雛되는것이 40.14%나 되어 連統人雛現況을 알수있다.
51. 疾病發生이 많은것의 順位는 呼吸器病, 마렉, 콕시듐, 설사, 백혈병, 뉴一캣슬, 産卵低下正, 雛白痢 順序로 發生率이 되어있다.
52. 抗生劑利用을 보면 必要에 따라 먹이는 것이 78.62%이고 正規的인 投與가 16.98% 恒常投與가 3.14%, 안먹이는곳이 1.26%이다.
53. 뉴캣슬과 계두의 予防接腫이 철저하게 되지 못하고 있음을 알수있다.
54. 將次 養鷄事業의 繼續性에 대한 思考가 採卵業에서 29.49%이고 肉鷄業은 49.02%밖에 되지 않으며 다른 事業과 兼業希望이 採卵에서 35.26%, 肉鷄에서 21.57%이며 할수없이 하고있는者는 採卵에서 19.87% 肉鷄에서 16.67%이고 轉業希望者가 採卵에서 15.38%, 肉鷄에서 12.74%로 나타나고 있다.
55. 앞으로 好況時 擴大하겠다고 하는者는 採卵 10%, 肉鷄25.71% 밖에되지 않으며 擴大를 하지 않겠다고하는者가 採卵에서 34.71%, 肉鷄에서 27.62%이며 다른 事業으로 轉換이 採卵 31.18%, 肉鷄 22.86%이고 兼業擴大가 24% 程度이다.
56. 將來希望은 多角的인 綜合農場建設이 가장 많고, 社會에 奉仕와 다른 事業으로 轉業等을 볼수있다.
57. 肉鷄의 嗜好性을 보면 쇠고리, 닭고기, 돼지고기, 생선, 물고기, 개고기의 順位로 나타나고 있다.
58. 鷄卵과 鷄肉의 消費量을 보면 破卵과 폐계및 死鷄等을 自家消費하기 때문에 一般消費者보다 많이 먹고 있음을 알수있다.
59. 事業經營中 애로点을 보면 자금不足, 飼料品質, 疾病, 鷄卵販賣, 初生雛品質, 稅金, 施設改善, 技術不足, 人事管理, 淘汰雛處分, 環境公害, 施設擴充, 經營未熟 等의 順으로 애로점을 갖고있다.
60. 養鷄振與法의 制定을 71%以上이 贊成하고 있다.
61. 養鷄安定基金의 造成을 80%찬성하고 있으며 去出方法은 飼料에 附加하는것을 71%以上이고 닭마리수와 병아리에다 附加하자는 順位로 되어있다.
62. 부화장은 初生雛 品質向上을 위하여 淨化하자는 意見이 96%인바 앞으로 對策이 강구되어야 한다.
63. 養鷄産業의 安定을 위하여 申告, 登錄 나아가서는 쿼타制로 하자는것이 87%로 壓倒的인바 時急히 檢討될 問題이다.
64. 養鷄組合의 構成을 希望하는 者가 74.81%인바 關係當局에서 유도한고 支援하여 組合 構成을 促進하기 바란다.
65. 協會의 機能强化와 活性化를 熱望하고 있으며 또한 參與와 協力을 促求하고 있다.
66. 飼料品質에 대하여 의심스럽다하는 것이 50.63%이고 나쁘다하는것이 26.25% 滿足 하다하는것이 23.12%로 나타나고 있다.
67. 養鷄專門技術講習所의 設置에 贊成하는者가 75.19%되고 꼭 있어야 하겠다는것이 16.66%이고 必要없다가 8.15%로 나타나고 있다.
68. 養鷄事業의 安定과 振與을 위한 要望事項을 要約하면,
1) 畜産物의 價格安定과 適正
2) 流通體系의 改善
3) 稅金減免期間延長
4) 畜産物의 過多한 輸人禁止
5) 飼料品質의 向上과 價格安定
6) 鷄卵의 貯藏과 加工施設擴張
7) 鷄卵 및 鷄肉의 消費促進弘報
8) 安定基金의 造成
9) 屠鷄場施設의 擴張
10) 屠鷄流通의 無理없는 定着
11) 孵化場의 단속强化
12) 畜産法改正으로 養鷄安定法의 制定
13) 家畜藥品의 品質向上
14) 養鷄場의 申告登錄 또는 許可制로
15) 鷄卵과 鷄肉 專門市場 開設
16) 種鷄 需給調節
17) 一貫性있는 施策
18) 畜舍施設의 許可 간소화
19) 協會機能强化와 活性化
20) 養鷄組合構成 促求
21) 防疫事業 强化와 被害보상
22) 初生雛品質向上
23) 養鷄器具輸人에 免稅
24) 錄地帶에 畜舍施設 금지완화
25) 鷄卵과 鷄肉加工品 開發促求
This research was carried out from July to August, 1981, to analyse the true state of management, the skill of production, the structure of consciousness about the selected 294 poultry-farms, and to know about their bottlenecks and suggestions.
The results obtained w~re as follows;
1. As for manager's ages, 31 to 45 years old men rate was 67.76%. upper 50years old men 15.94%.
2. 79.9% of farm owners possess, attainments equal to or higher than those of upper secondary school graduates.
3. In poultry farming career of the investigated person, layer chicken industry was longer than broiler.
4. Occupations of farm owners before doing poultry farming were farmers (32.35%), company employees, civil servants and soldiers, etc.
5. 58.62% of the person ran only poultry farming and the rest of them held the additional office of a farmer and a public officer.
6. There were many people who made a speciality of poultry farming holding' additional jobs as dairy farming, cultivating crops, gardening, etc.
7. 42.55% of the person began poultry fanning with under 1,000 layer chickens. And the rate of the ones with 1,000-2,000 broilers for the first time consisted 40.95%.
8. Present breeding scale was that the rate of the farmers having 5,000-10,000 layer chickens was 37.13% and the ones having 5,000-10,000 broilers 58.32%.
9. The rate of the person supplying self-labor was 23.16%, the person having 1.5 employees 51.47% and the ones having under 20 employees 1.47%.
10. 74.26% of the poultry farms. used very g()')d quality of baby chicks.
11. The rate of the farms which used chicken feed making the point of the quality of it was 65.47% and the ones which bought it on credit 26.62%.
12. 65.47% bought feed directly from factories and 26.62% bought it from commercial agents.
13. The rate of the layer chicken farms paying for feed in cash was 19.39% and the broiler farms 32.74%. Most of the farms bought feed on credit by 30-60 days.
14. They bought the medicine for chicken from animal drug stores or veterinary hospitals.
15. The rate of the person posting up accounts roughly was 47.52% and that of the ones doing them detaily was 43.57%, 40% did not do them because of bother and only 21-22% had their own cashbooks.
16. Transactions of egg selling were done with wholesale trade (74.02%), collecting store, and retail trade in order. Transactions rate according to egg bulk's grade was 85.81%, and transactions according to egg weight12.25%. The farm owners rate self. consuming broken eggs was 53.76%, the ones selling them in cheap price 43.93%.
17. Older chickens were sold to wholesale trade (38.61%), collecting store (37.97%) and self-consumed, and sold to retail trade in order. In the selling means of chicken, 70.97% sold by the weight.
18. The person's rate selling chicken's feces was 63.89%, 23.89% threw it away or gave someone it free charge. The selling price of it was 8,000-15,000 wons a truck.
19. The selling system of broiler consisted of transactions with wholesale trade 51.16%, collecting store 37.79% and slaughter-house 9.88%.
20. In shipping of broiler, the farm owner's rate adapting all-in all-out system was 66.45% and rest of them sold chickens on the basis of rough estimation.
21. 52.67% supplied baby chicks for broiler in constant rate annually but rest of them supplied them according to situation or season.
22. The cost price range of egg production was 35-50 wons per one. 27.74% costed 45 wons as cost price. In broiler industry, 49.32%, costed 900 wons in the range of 800?1,100 wons per kg.
23. Breeding rate of layer chicken was 96.59%, growth rate 93.81 %. and living rate of matured chickens was 86.03% in average. Among the 23 chicken groups, the day of the first egg laying was 139.9 days, the day of sexual maturity was 168.2 days in average and the peak day of egg production was revealed as 208.06 days.
24. Egg laying period was average 12-13 monthes. After 15 monthes, almost all of the layer chickens were weeded out.
25. In weeding out olderchickens, 53.75% did it when they did not pay and 24.37% did it when egg laying rate was 60%.
26. The rate of farm owners doing forced feather change was 47.7%. 43.2% did not do it.
27. In feeding chickens, the person's rate doing restrained feed supplying in quality or quantity aspect were 78.3%. 21.7% did not do it.
28. Average egg laying rate was 73.54%, the highest egg laying rate was 91.6% and the numbers of eggs laid were average 251.3.
29. As for the production rate of egg weight, 54.3% were very large size of eggs, 28.18% were large size, 8.86% were middle size, 2.72% were small size, 0.8% were light weight, 4.54% were king size, 0.58% were double yolked eggs.
30. Less than 2% of broken egg rate was 60.4%, less than 3% of it was 28.19%. These might be the rates of eggs which could not be sold because of their heavily broken condition.
31. 19.1% used lighting system cursorily but 81% used it correctly according to the principle.
32. 66.88% cut chicken's beak, but 11.04% did not. 22.08% did it because of necessity.
33. The quantity of water per one matured chicken was average 111-125g; from 105g to l41g.
34. All of the farm owners breeded their chickens with dried feed. 49.5% adapted restricted feeding system and 27.7% did free feeding system.
35. The rate of the person adding vitamine to completely mixed feed bought was 48.39% and the ones adding antibiotic 33.6%.
36. 32.7% supplyed their chickens with feed calculated according to their ability and season. 39.5% fed them in free feeding system. 27.78% supplyed them with moderate quantity of feed.
37. When being weeded out 84.57% were suitable in fatness state, 7.41% were thin and 8.02% were fat.
38. In the means of broiler raising, 90% breeded broilers in ground raising system, 3.29% did in cage system and 6.58% did in both system and 6.58% did in both systems at the same.
39. 75.97% broilers weighed 1.6.2 kg when they shipped. 10.39% weighed more them
2kg and 12.99% weighed 1.3-1.6kg.
40. 69.08% weighed 1.8-2gh in 8 weeks' age, 3,29% weighed more than 2kg.
41. In feed demanding rate, 61 % were revealed as 2.4.2.5 in the range of 2.2 to 2.8. 42. As for period for growth, 63.86% were 8 weeks' age and the number of the chickens needed 9-10 weeks' age for growth was not low.
43. In the number of chickens supplyed in one time. 46.98% were 2,000 chickens system. 32.89% were 1,000. chickens system and 14.09% were 3,000 chickens system.
44. The consuming rate of briquet as a fuel in breeding period was 96.75%.
45. The rate of the person adding entropic or antibiotic to the feed for broiler was more than 37%. And it seemed that many people added a medicines for anticocciduosis, an aid to promote groWth or an enzyme, etc.
46. The rate of chickens being died 1% within 1 week after being supplyed was 37%. The rate of them being died 2% was 37% and there were not few being died as much as 5%.
47. In lightening system, the rate of the person having their chicken barracks lightened through the night was 57%. the person switching on the light just one time at the night 14.77% and 16.77% did not lighten.
48. In the means of supplying feed in broyler, 65% did free feeding system and 32.24% did restricted feeding system.
49. The rate of the farm owners making broiler groWth shipping rate as 95% was 41.56% the ones making shipping rate as 97% was 20.13% and the ones making 93% was 16.88%.
50. As for intervals of supplying baby chicks, 44.9% did supplying them every one week, 40.14% did it every two weeks.
51. The diseases brought about were a respiratory organic disease, marek's disease,
chicken cocciduosis,diarrhea, lymphoid leukosis, newcastle, a disease of decreasing egg laying, pullorum disease in order.
52. 78.62% farms added antibiotic because of necessity, 16.98% added it in regular intervals, 3.14% always added it and 1.26% did not add it.
53. It was revealed that newcastle and fowl pox were not perfectly prevented by vaccinations.
54. In the investigation of continuity of poultry farming industry, the rate of the person who would continue to do poultryfarming in layer chicken industry was 29.49%, and in broiler industry, the rate was 49.02%. 35.26% would like to hold other jobs at the same time in layer chicken industry, and in broiler industry the rate was 21.57%. 19.87% ran poultry farm without vigorous hope in layer egg industry. In broiler industry the rate was 16.67%. The rate of person hoping to change their jobs in layer egg industry was 15.38%, in broiler industry, the rate was 12.74%.
55. The rate of person hoping to enlarge their business when properous conditions was 10% in layer chicken industry and was 25.71% in broiler industry. 34.71% in layer chicken industry and 27.62% in broiler industry wouldn't like to enlarge their businesses in the future. 31.18% in layer bird industry and 22.86% in broiler industry would like to change their jobs. The rate of the person holding other jobs at the same time who would like to enlarge their businesses was 24%.
56. The future hopes of person investigated were construction of manysided overall farm, contribution to the society and changing job in order.
57. Tastes of meat were beef, chicken, pork, fish in sea, fish in lake, dog meat in order.
58. It was shown that poultry farmers ate more meat than ordinary consumers because poultry farmers usually self-consumed broken eggs, older chickens, or dead chickens having brought about in their farms.
59. The bottlenecks in the management of poultry farming were in order, shortage of capital, feed quality. disease, egg selling, baby chicks quality, taxes, improvement of facilities, deficit of skill, personel management, treatment of older chickens, environmental pollution, enlargement of facilities, unskilled management, etc.
60. 71 % agreed to establishment of a law for improving poultry farming industry.
61. 80% agreed to making funds for security of poultry farming industry. More than 71 % consented to collect the fund by adding special money to the cost of feed and some of the rests consented to collect special money for fund according to the number of chickens or of baby chicks.
62. 96% suggested purification for improving the quality of baby chicks.
63. 87% suggested notification system, registration system, and quarter system for stabilizing poultry farming industry.
64. 74.81 % hoped to establish poultry farming industry cooperation.
65. Many people desired to strengthen the association's functions, and urged to participate it and to cooperate one another.
66. 50.63% doubted the feed quality, 26.25% said the quality was bad. 23.12% were satisfied with the quality.
67. 75.19% consented to establish the training course of special poultry farming technics, 16.66% said it had to be founded, 8.15% said it did not necessary.
68. Desirous items surveyed for settling and improving poultry farming industry were as follows:
1) Stablizing and appropriating the price of farm animal goods
2) Improvement of circulation system of transactions
3) Extending the period of tax reduction
4) Prohibiting too much import of farm animal goods
5) Promoting feed quality and stabilizing its price
6) Expanding the estabilishment of the preserving and the processing of eggs
7) Advertizing to accelerate the consumption of eggs and chickens
8) Formation fund for stabilizing poultry farming industry
9) Extending the facilities of chicken slaughter-houses
10) Settling the system of selling circulation of slaughted chickens
11) Rigid enforcement of regulations of hacheries
12) Establishing the law for stablizing poultry farm industry through the revision of the pres ant law of animal husbandary
13) Improving the quality of medicine for animal
14) Establishing the report and registration system or the licence system of poultry farm
15) Settling the special marcket of eggs or chickens
16) Adjusting supply and demand of parent stocks
17) Making consistent policy of poultry farming industry
18) Simplicaing permission procedure to settle the facilities of cattle sheds
19) Inforcing and activating the association's function
20) Urging the formation of poultry farming cooperation
21) Inforcing the prevention from infection and compensating damages caused
22) Improving the quality of baby chicks
23) Exempting from taxes of import of impliments for poultry farming
24) Relaxing the law prohibiting from establishing cattle sheds in green belt area
25) Pressing the exploitation of manufactured goods of eggs or chickens.
목차
SUMMARY
Ⅰ. 緖言
Ⅱ. 調査方法 및 實況
Ⅲ. 調査農家의 實態와 槪況
Ⅳ. 經營實態分折
Ⅴ. 採卵鷄 및 肉鷄 生産技術
Ⅵ. 養鷄業者의 意識構造와 애로點
Ⅶ. 養鷄産業의 安定과 振興을 위한 改善策
Ⅷ. 要約
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