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초록· 키워드
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The unhappy persistence of both the practice and the lingering effects of societal discrimination, such as racial discrimination has been an unfortunate reality in America. But after the 1970s, the U.S. Supreme Court has become more conservative on equality issues. It can be summarized below;
First, the U.S. Supreme Court has immunized significant portions of discriminatory state action from constitutional scrutiny by using a variety of devices limiting equal rights. These limiting devices, in effect, permit the Court to view the desirability and legitimacy of discrimination from the perpetrator's perspective and enable it to declare that not everything that looks like discrimination is discrimination.
Second, the Court increasingly hesitant to let the Congress enact the measures they think appropriate to alleviate societal discrimination. For example, declaring its dedication to a 'color-blind constitution,' the Court has effectively barred federal, state, and local governments from establishing programs designed to remedy public and private discrimination against racial minorities.
Third, the Court's decision on equality has based on the premise that the U.S. Constitution is a charter of negative rather than positive liberties. Under the concept of negative liberties, the U.S. Constitution does protect the people from certain state actions, but it does not impose on the states an affirmative duty to take basic care of their citizens.
In Conclusion, the way to finding a legal solution to the problem of societal discrimination is to free the Equal Protection Clause from the chain of judicially crafted technicalities, standards, and doctrines, all of which are designed to deny protection to victims of discrimination. This means that the Equal Protection Clause should be realigned to meet the original vision of its framers.
First, the U.S. Supreme Court has immunized significant portions of discriminatory state action from constitutional scrutiny by using a variety of devices limiting equal rights. These limiting devices, in effect, permit the Court to view the desirability and legitimacy of discrimination from the perpetrator's perspective and enable it to declare that not everything that looks like discrimination is discrimination.
Second, the Court increasingly hesitant to let the Congress enact the measures they think appropriate to alleviate societal discrimination. For example, declaring its dedication to a 'color-blind constitution,' the Court has effectively barred federal, state, and local governments from establishing programs designed to remedy public and private discrimination against racial minorities.
Third, the Court's decision on equality has based on the premise that the U.S. Constitution is a charter of negative rather than positive liberties. Under the concept of negative liberties, the U.S. Constitution does protect the people from certain state actions, but it does not impose on the states an affirmative duty to take basic care of their citizens.
In Conclusion, the way to finding a legal solution to the problem of societal discrimination is to free the Equal Protection Clause from the chain of judicially crafted technicalities, standards, and doctrines, all of which are designed to deny protection to victims of discrimination. This means that the Equal Protection Clause should be realigned to meet the original vision of its framers.
목차
Ⅰ. 序論
Ⅱ. 州政府의 差別政策에 대한 司法消極主義
Ⅲ. 州政府의 差別規制政策에 대한 司法積極主義
Ⅳ. 憲法上 權利에 대한 消極的 解釋論
Ⅴ. 結論
참고문헌
〈Abstract〉
참고문헌 (21)
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