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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
새한영어영문학회 새한영어영문학 새한영어영문학 제45권 제1호
발행연도
2003.6
수록면
165 - 194 (30page)

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This study aims to examine the idea of others in the 19th century American literature. In the peculiar American context where individualism had been a predominant social and cultural force, the main image of the century is on a white male. The legendary American characters in this age are white men who decide their own destiny as they are actively participating in the making of the new country. As a consequence, the selfhood of others are easily ignored. Here the meaning of others is defined as belonging to people or group who are not recognized as authentic individuals. In the 19th century American literature, the disregard for others is expressed in the form of race, gender and culture, while others are being referred to as women, blacks, American Indians and the people in popular culture. All of these people are seen living outside the current of genuine American experiences. Our question is on the fact that while many literary works at this time are devoted to depicting the potential of white males, little is said about "other" people who are not granted a solid status or entity.
Seen in this respect, the idea of others can become an effective tool through which to discuss about the identity of the 19th century American literature, especially in relation to the establishment of national literature. The major writers in this period such as James Fenimore Cooper, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Mark Twain, and Henry James introduce characters who are regarded as others but can contribute much to the formation of true American characters. Throughout these characters, the writers come to evoke what others mean in the unique experience of the 19th century America. As a colored race, the Indians and blacks are regarded living outside civilization and become the victim of the white dominance, whereas the women are prohibited to participate in society as an independent being. These figures, however, transcend the limit imposed upon them, coming to terms with the social and cultural restriction. Not lingering in an isolated sphere, characters regarded as others prove that they are also participating in the American experience with diverse activities. After all, it is through the relation to others that the uniqueness and diversity of American literature is confirmed.

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