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학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
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연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
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Queen Wu of Koguryo lived between the latter half of 2th century A.D. to early 3th century A.D.. She was a remarkable woman who became the wife of two kings, King Gogukchun and his younger brother, King Sansang through the means of levirate. This kind of royal life is a historian's dream to uncover its hidden truth. Interestingly, a comprehensive study on Queen Wu's life based on the 'Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms' (HRTK) has previously never been conducted, thereby giving the justification for this paper.
Queen Wu married King Gogukchun in 180 A.D.. She was from the nabu(那部) of Je. 'Nabu' was one of the regional groups of Koguryo, The Queen seemed to enjoy certain power in Koguryo court until one of her relatives revolted against the king during A.D 190~191 period, when the king tried to punish him for corruption. The revolt failed, which brought about the ultimate downfall of major noblemen in Koguryo.
Then followed the major purge by King Gogukchun, who wanted to use this opportunity to strengthen his royal power. Queen Wu survived this political challenge, either because she was not directly involved in the conspiracy or because she was already all too powerful for the king to handle or both. However, the queen did suffer some political setbacks and she had to wait for her day.
When King Gogukchun died in 197 A.D., Queen Wu hesitated no more to win back her lost power. Since the king left no heir, the candidacy went to his two younger brothers, Balki and Yonwu. First Queen went to older brother Balki to test his royal will, but Balki flatly refused her offer. Then the Queen went to Yonwu, who was clever enough to sense her intentions and almost instantly accepted her invitation to be the new king of Koguryo, hence King Sansang.
Balki was furious when finding out the harsh reality, so that he took his army and surrounded the royal palace to reclaim his legitimate crown. However, the tide was against him and Balki was forced to flee with his family to Han China. Balki came back with the Chinese army, only to be beaten again to his death. Then the new king married his older sister-in-law, a levirate marriage.
Some Korean scholars thought that the early stage of Koguryo history was characterized by brother-to-brother royal succession. However, after analyzing the lineage of Koguryo' s royal family, it is evident that the hereditary lineage was the fundamental rule throughout the whole Koguryo' s history. Brother-to-brother succession only took place in an emergency situation.
Some interesting facts were discovered while studying the levirate of Queen Wu. First, Yonwu had a wife and offspring(s) before he became king, but it is inferred that they were killed during a civil war between Yonwu and Balki. This made everything more smooth for both Yonwu and Queen Wu to carry out the levirate. Second, the general levirate custom of Koguryo was to marry her first brother-in-law, not her second, like Queen Wu did with Yonwu.
Queen Wu was the primary contributor to King Sansang' s succession, and she dominated the Koguryo court with utmost political power. She seemed to have utilized Sansang' s illegitimate background, since he took Balki' s place, to prevent the likes of King Gogukchun again. Even when the king tried to have a second queen to have heir, Queen Wu simply ignored the king' s wish by sending the soldiers to kill this soon-to-be second queen. It was only after the pathetic begging of the king and some political concessions to the queen that both the second queen and a new son were kept alive.
Queen Wu, now ever more powerful, tested new King Dongchun, again like she tested Sansang, to give him a political message never to challenge her authority. Such circumstances soon made her Empress Dowager(王太后).
Queen Wu managed to stay in power for almost 40 years. Her political success could mainly be attributed to her own talents, talents never to miss the right opportunity to be a kingmaker and even willing to take levirate for her gains. Hence, she was a born politician and a very determined and ambitious person, using whatever means necessary. She never lost her power until her death in A.D. 234.
Queen Wu married King Gogukchun in 180 A.D.. She was from the nabu(那部) of Je. 'Nabu' was one of the regional groups of Koguryo, The Queen seemed to enjoy certain power in Koguryo court until one of her relatives revolted against the king during A.D 190~191 period, when the king tried to punish him for corruption. The revolt failed, which brought about the ultimate downfall of major noblemen in Koguryo.
Then followed the major purge by King Gogukchun, who wanted to use this opportunity to strengthen his royal power. Queen Wu survived this political challenge, either because she was not directly involved in the conspiracy or because she was already all too powerful for the king to handle or both. However, the queen did suffer some political setbacks and she had to wait for her day.
When King Gogukchun died in 197 A.D., Queen Wu hesitated no more to win back her lost power. Since the king left no heir, the candidacy went to his two younger brothers, Balki and Yonwu. First Queen went to older brother Balki to test his royal will, but Balki flatly refused her offer. Then the Queen went to Yonwu, who was clever enough to sense her intentions and almost instantly accepted her invitation to be the new king of Koguryo, hence King Sansang.
Balki was furious when finding out the harsh reality, so that he took his army and surrounded the royal palace to reclaim his legitimate crown. However, the tide was against him and Balki was forced to flee with his family to Han China. Balki came back with the Chinese army, only to be beaten again to his death. Then the new king married his older sister-in-law, a levirate marriage.
Some Korean scholars thought that the early stage of Koguryo history was characterized by brother-to-brother royal succession. However, after analyzing the lineage of Koguryo' s royal family, it is evident that the hereditary lineage was the fundamental rule throughout the whole Koguryo' s history. Brother-to-brother succession only took place in an emergency situation.
Some interesting facts were discovered while studying the levirate of Queen Wu. First, Yonwu had a wife and offspring(s) before he became king, but it is inferred that they were killed during a civil war between Yonwu and Balki. This made everything more smooth for both Yonwu and Queen Wu to carry out the levirate. Second, the general levirate custom of Koguryo was to marry her first brother-in-law, not her second, like Queen Wu did with Yonwu.
Queen Wu was the primary contributor to King Sansang' s succession, and she dominated the Koguryo court with utmost political power. She seemed to have utilized Sansang' s illegitimate background, since he took Balki' s place, to prevent the likes of King Gogukchun again. Even when the king tried to have a second queen to have heir, Queen Wu simply ignored the king' s wish by sending the soldiers to kill this soon-to-be second queen. It was only after the pathetic begging of the king and some political concessions to the queen that both the second queen and a new son were kept alive.
Queen Wu, now ever more powerful, tested new King Dongchun, again like she tested Sansang, to give him a political message never to challenge her authority. Such circumstances soon made her Empress Dowager(王太后).
Queen Wu managed to stay in power for almost 40 years. Her political success could mainly be attributed to her own talents, talents never to miss the right opportunity to be a kingmaker and even willing to take levirate for her gains. Hence, she was a born politician and a very determined and ambitious person, using whatever means necessary. She never lost her power until her death in A.D. 234.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 王后 于氏와 故國川王
Ⅲ. 山上王의 왕위계승과 ‘兄死妻嫂’ 문제
Ⅳ. 酒桶村 ‘小后’ 사건을 중심으로 본 王后 于氏의 권력행사
Ⅴ. 맺음말
Abstract
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