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This article examines what Alexis de Tocqueville means by the tyranny of the majority. Tocqueville accepts that he saw in the United States a democratic social state and real popular sovereignty. He insists that "above all the institutions and beyond all the forms there a sovereign power， that of the people， which can abolish or change them as it pleases". As a rule， in a democracy the majority possesses a natural strength because its primacy derives from the core principle of democracy itself. He agrees with that the American People who have the real sovereign power can elect a extreme rightest such as Hitler as their president or representatives of the United Nations who can peril their nation. But, Tocqueville insists that there is something in the interior of the American democratic system that is necessary to overcome it.
According to Tocqueville, the authority that is absolute in principle can be balanced by other essential elements of government or by informal powers. customs or principles. When such balancing prevails, it is not likely that the dominant power of the majority will be able to rule solely in its own interest. Mores and circumstances were such that democracy was established with comparative facility. without the need to suppress a determined internal opposition. Also, the natural circumstances, laws and juridical system of America are another element that hinders the emergence of the majority tyranny. And, at the national level, the constitutional separation of powers inhibits the gradual extension of majority dominance into factual omnipotence. This is a sort of barrier against political tyranny, although it is in his mind a rather weak reed to lean on, offering an insufficient grantee against tyranny. The another element to weaken the tyranny is that majorities lack the cohesiveness and consistency which the old-fashioned tyrants necessitated. Among these, the most important element is the american mores and circumstances.
Tocqueville concedes that circumstances and mores have made a potentially monolithic majoritarianism in America comparatively gentle and mild in its overall tendencies. As a result, the most effective solution to prevent the american democracy from going to road to tyranny is to cultivate the custom and mores. Their cultivation is made effectively in the American circumstances. Therefore, it is not necessary to worry about the peril of the collapse of American democracy. This is Tocqueville s thought.
According to Tocqueville, the authority that is absolute in principle can be balanced by other essential elements of government or by informal powers. customs or principles. When such balancing prevails, it is not likely that the dominant power of the majority will be able to rule solely in its own interest. Mores and circumstances were such that democracy was established with comparative facility. without the need to suppress a determined internal opposition. Also, the natural circumstances, laws and juridical system of America are another element that hinders the emergence of the majority tyranny. And, at the national level, the constitutional separation of powers inhibits the gradual extension of majority dominance into factual omnipotence. This is a sort of barrier against political tyranny, although it is in his mind a rather weak reed to lean on, offering an insufficient grantee against tyranny. The another element to weaken the tyranny is that majorities lack the cohesiveness and consistency which the old-fashioned tyrants necessitated. Among these, the most important element is the american mores and circumstances.
Tocqueville concedes that circumstances and mores have made a potentially monolithic majoritarianism in America comparatively gentle and mild in its overall tendencies. As a result, the most effective solution to prevent the american democracy from going to road to tyranny is to cultivate the custom and mores. Their cultivation is made effectively in the American circumstances. Therefore, it is not necessary to worry about the peril of the collapse of American democracy. This is Tocqueville s thought.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 미국에서 다수의 전제권력과 그 폐단
Ⅲ. 다수의 전제를 완화하는 요인
Ⅳ. 맺음말
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