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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국국제경제법학회 국제경제법연구 國際經濟法硏究 第3卷
발행연도
2005.12
수록면
109 - 149 (41page)

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The recent decision of the WTO Appellate Body in U.S.-DRAMs offered a turning point in approaching the Issue of "entrustment or direction" as provided in Article l.l(a)(l)(ⅳ) of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures ("SCM Agreement"). The decision basically rejected the jurisprudence of the previous WTO panels m similar cases, where the panels adopted a rather restrictive theory with respect to finding and evaluating "entrustment or direction" in the context of addressing indirect subsidies.
The Appellate Body in the case then adopted a broader concept of "entrustment or direction," thereby interpreting the term "entrustment" as "the action of giving responsibility to someone for a task or object," and the term "direction" as "exercising authority over someone." This new interpretation significantly expands the ambit of the coverage of "entrustment or direction." Thus, under this new jurisprudence, a Member's investigating authority would more easily find "entrustment or direction" than before. The Appellate Body, however, fails to provide adequate explanations with necessary in-depth inquiry into the text of the SCM Agreement to justify its broader reading of the terms.
Furthermore, the new Jurisprudence adopted by the Appellate Body also allows an investigating authority to rely upon circumstantial evidence and the totahty of evidence analysis without any meaningful restraint. As a result, it appears that an investigating authority in charge of the "entrustment or direction" subsidy investigation may reach a subsidy decision, which sometimes could be arbitrary and unreasonable. This apparent carte blanche deference to the investigating authority by the Appellate Body would constitute violation of both the letters of the SCM Agreement and the collective consensus reached at the Uruguay Round subsidy agreement negotiations. Such being the case, one could argue that the Appellate Body's decision in U.S.-DRAMs opened Pandora's Box, but failed to provide workable guidelines for governments of Members.
The problems of the Appellate Body's decision have been portrayed well in recent "entrustment or direction" disputes that involve Korea. As of this writing, there have been as many as 14 "entrustment or direction" disputes, both at various domestic and international fora, that Involve Korea. When there is another opportunity for the Appellate Body to revisit this issue in the future, hopefully it could by out more specific and reliable guidelines, which are consistent with the SCM Agreement.

목차

Ⅰ. 개요
Ⅱ. 주요 법적 쟁점
Ⅲ. 주요 사안별 항소기구 결정에 대한 평가
Ⅳ. 기타 관련 이슈에 대한 검토
Ⅴ. 결론
參考文獻
Abstract

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