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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
권명식 (한국외국어대학)
저널정보
한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 Asian Journal of African Studies 아프리카 硏究 제23호
발행연도
2008.2
수록면
3 - 42 (40page)

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In the history of African language studies, the grammatical category of gender and class has been a salient issue not only in the genetic classification of the languages, but also in typological understanding of the given languages. In fact the gender system is wide spread across the African continent, although we have best understood the Afro-Asiatic as the typical gender language-type, on the other hand, the Bantu as class language-type. However, the gender system is found also in Nilo-Saharan, as well as in Khoisan. In this article we choose about 20 sample languages, to compare the diverse system of classifying genders not just according to their meaning of the given nouns, but to their forms. The basic classificatory criteria are form of the noun, natural biological sex, and also its natural feature of meaning such as human, animal, tree, fruit, abstract concept etc.
This study show that a given category like gender seems to be not absolute, fixed entities for human languages, but a category, like all other grammatical areas, of variable, unstable ones. To be seen from diachronic perspectives, it can be always changeable. The diversity of the systems of gender seems to indicate how the speakers of particular language have developed their system with their own specific ways, therefore somewhat arbitrary characteristics in their grammatical structure. Ewe is chosen as non-gender type, while sex-based binary division is found mostly in Afro-Asiatic, like Qafar(Cushitic), Hausa(Chadic), Dizi(Omotic). However this is not confined to only this phylum. Nilotic Maasai and Niger-Congo Animare have also this system. As this example shows, there seems to be no strict correspondences between genetic affiliation and typological similarities.
We also tried to use the criterium of the art of marking the gender like semantic, phonological and morphological ones. Dizi and Defaka nouns are divided only by their semantics, therefore there are no morphological markings on noun. Most specifical and complicated system of gender seems to be the class system of Bantu. Their characteristic are represented through Kiswahili in comparison to other gender languages of African continent.

목차

1. 서론: 문제 제기와 범위
2. 성 범주 연구의 유형학적 의의
3. 스와힐리어 명사와 부류체계
4. 결론
〈참고 문헌〉
ABSTRACT

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