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The Tun-j?n system was utilized to defend enemies and also to supply military goods in important military regions of a centralized states. This was a special system of East Asia and it was being kept in order from the beginning of the Kory? dynasty. As a result of continued Monggol’s attack, Kory? was forced to abandon the Tun-j?n system. Instead, Monggol in turn set up their own Tun-j?n system in Kory?.
In 1260, Kory?’s W?njong came into power and held the throne and Monggol's Khubilai ascended the imperial throne. However, the succession of the imperial throne after Khubilai caused a great unrest for Monggol and it was too heavy a burden for Monggol to continue the battle with Kory?. Kory? demanded peace with Monggol to reconstruct the state in ruins and recover from several decades of the war. As a result, the war between Kory? and Monggol ended. However, W?njong was dethroned by Im Y?n in W?njong 10 (1269). Because of the possibility of Kory? and Nam-Song’s coalition, the Monggol court tried to suppress the revolt by Im Y?n with military force. In the following year, another revolt occurred by Samby?lcho opposing Kory?’s peace with Monggol. The Monggol court realized the importance of Kory? in military sense and tried to resolve this problem. Hence, resulted in a marriage between Kory? and Monggol. The formation of the family relations was a very important matter as it was a factor that could ameliorate the hostility between the two states. For Monggol, this was also a definite way to suppress Kory?.
Concurrently, Monggol attempted to set up their own Tun-j?n in Kory? in order to attack Japan. For Kory?, this meant military intervention as well as loss of economic resources. However, for W?njong, it was impossible to maintain the states stability without the help of Monggol especially after a long war. Therefore, Kory? was unable to oppose this movement. W?n also needed a way to control Kory? as well as to prepare for a battle with Nam-Song and Japan. Finally, W?n’s Tun-j?n was set up in W?njong 12(1271).
W?n court dispatched Tun-j?n ky?ngnyaksa(government officials to manage Tun-j?n) and their duties included such as supplying goods needed for setting up and managing Tun-j?n and provisions for W?n’s army. In fact, ky ngnyaksa primarily conducted political duties. Kory?’s court not only had to supply land, man-power and goods for the maintenance of W?n’s Tun-j?n but also, supply a vast amount of provisions because of Won’s incompetence of supplying for their own. This economic incompetency became one of the most important reasons for shutting down W?n’s Tun-j?n.
Then, W?n conquered Nam-Song in 1276 and gained enormous wealth and economic advantages. This in the end, reduced the economic value of W?n’s Tun-j n as well as the political pressure for Kory?. This in turn resulted in the retraction of those Tarugach’i and Tun-j?n ky?ngnyaksa who were stationed in Kory?.
It was then possible for Kory? to have its own King while it was being remotely ruled by W?n. On the other hand, although the economic wealth of W?n was increased, it needed an adjustment of the economic structure. Furthermore, W?n desperately needed civil stability as several revolts continued including those of Nam-Song and internal W?n. Kory? was a reliable state for W?n as it was ruled by a son-in-law. Ch’ungny?rwang wanted to adjust political structure by taking advantage of his status as a son-in-law of W?n’s imperialism. Above all, he tried to increase the social stability and quality of people’s lives. These efforts showed up clearly in Ch’ungny?rwang 4(1278). Most of W?n army and pro-W?n factions were retracted and as a result, those Tun-j?n stationed in Kory? were shut down.
Consequently, the reason for the redundancy of W?n’s Tun-j?n stationed in Kory included low productivity and W?n’s conquest of Nam-Song which provided W?n very much needed economic resources. The reduced need for economic resources of W?n also reflected upon lessening of political pressure for exploitation of Kory?’s economic resources. In addition, heightened status of Kory? and healthy relationship between the two states led to the abolishing of W?n’s Tun-j?n in Kory?. In Kory?, the political ruling by the royal family was established. However, the maintenance of this system was only possible upon Kory? being part of W?n’s imperialism.
In 1260, Kory?’s W?njong came into power and held the throne and Monggol's Khubilai ascended the imperial throne. However, the succession of the imperial throne after Khubilai caused a great unrest for Monggol and it was too heavy a burden for Monggol to continue the battle with Kory?. Kory? demanded peace with Monggol to reconstruct the state in ruins and recover from several decades of the war. As a result, the war between Kory? and Monggol ended. However, W?njong was dethroned by Im Y?n in W?njong 10 (1269). Because of the possibility of Kory? and Nam-Song’s coalition, the Monggol court tried to suppress the revolt by Im Y?n with military force. In the following year, another revolt occurred by Samby?lcho opposing Kory?’s peace with Monggol. The Monggol court realized the importance of Kory? in military sense and tried to resolve this problem. Hence, resulted in a marriage between Kory? and Monggol. The formation of the family relations was a very important matter as it was a factor that could ameliorate the hostility between the two states. For Monggol, this was also a definite way to suppress Kory?.
Concurrently, Monggol attempted to set up their own Tun-j?n in Kory? in order to attack Japan. For Kory?, this meant military intervention as well as loss of economic resources. However, for W?njong, it was impossible to maintain the states stability without the help of Monggol especially after a long war. Therefore, Kory? was unable to oppose this movement. W?n also needed a way to control Kory? as well as to prepare for a battle with Nam-Song and Japan. Finally, W?n’s Tun-j?n was set up in W?njong 12(1271).
W?n court dispatched Tun-j?n ky?ngnyaksa(government officials to manage Tun-j?n) and their duties included such as supplying goods needed for setting up and managing Tun-j?n and provisions for W?n’s army. In fact, ky ngnyaksa primarily conducted political duties. Kory?’s court not only had to supply land, man-power and goods for the maintenance of W?n’s Tun-j?n but also, supply a vast amount of provisions because of Won’s incompetence of supplying for their own. This economic incompetency became one of the most important reasons for shutting down W?n’s Tun-j?n.
Then, W?n conquered Nam-Song in 1276 and gained enormous wealth and economic advantages. This in the end, reduced the economic value of W?n’s Tun-j n as well as the political pressure for Kory?. This in turn resulted in the retraction of those Tarugach’i and Tun-j?n ky?ngnyaksa who were stationed in Kory?.
It was then possible for Kory? to have its own King while it was being remotely ruled by W?n. On the other hand, although the economic wealth of W?n was increased, it needed an adjustment of the economic structure. Furthermore, W?n desperately needed civil stability as several revolts continued including those of Nam-Song and internal W?n. Kory? was a reliable state for W?n as it was ruled by a son-in-law. Ch’ungny?rwang wanted to adjust political structure by taking advantage of his status as a son-in-law of W?n’s imperialism. Above all, he tried to increase the social stability and quality of people’s lives. These efforts showed up clearly in Ch’ungny?rwang 4(1278). Most of W?n army and pro-W?n factions were retracted and as a result, those Tun-j?n stationed in Kory? were shut down.
Consequently, the reason for the redundancy of W?n’s Tun-j?n stationed in Kory included low productivity and W?n’s conquest of Nam-Song which provided W?n very much needed economic resources. The reduced need for economic resources of W?n also reflected upon lessening of political pressure for exploitation of Kory?’s economic resources. In addition, heightened status of Kory? and healthy relationship between the two states led to the abolishing of W?n’s Tun-j?n in Kory?. In Kory?, the political ruling by the royal family was established. However, the maintenance of this system was only possible upon Kory? being part of W?n’s imperialism.
목차
1. 序言
2. 元宗末 元의 屯田設置와 그 經緯
3. 元 屯田의 運營과 高麗의 處地
4. 忠烈王初 麗元關係의 變化와 元의 屯田廢止
5. 結語
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