During the late Goryeo Dynasty(918-1392), Sung Neo-Confucianism was eastward disseminated to the Korean Peninsula and with the result that brought out profound significances on traditional Korean culture, society and academia. Traditional Chinese Confucianism was no doubt that the most important political ideology during the Goryeo Dynasty, however, Buddhism was a prominent philosophy and major religion for the Goryeo royal family. Sung Neo-Confucianism had been greatly welcomed by the Korean Confucian scholars and most of these scholars employed Sung Neo-Confucianism as an ideological weapon to attack Buddhism. Sung Neo-Confucianism was then transformed to be administrative and academic guidelines of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), Korean Confucian schools were also firmly established. Kwon Geun(1352-1409) played an important role in the development procedure of Sung Neo-Confucianism on the Korean Peninsula. As a member of the famous Korean traditional Confucian family: Andong Kwon Clan; and also an excellent student of a conspicuous Confucian scholar: Yi Saek(1328-1396), Kwon Geun had excellent understanding in Sung Neo-Confucianism when he was young. Moreover, as a statesman with great achievements on foundation of the Joseon Dynasty, Kwon Geun became the most important official and scholar in the government, he also positively participated in political reforms, aimed to practice his political ideal which was based on Sung Neo-Confucianism. This paper aims to confer the Confucian philosophical thought of Kwon Geun, thereby traces the development of Sung Neo-Confucianism on the Korean Peninsula and gives a brief analysis of the inheritance and significance of Sung Neo-Confucianism on the traditional Korean society and culture.