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This research was carried out against 1421 students in the fourth, fifth and the sixth grades of several elementary schools in Gang-nam Gu, Seoul, to grasp the obesity situation in accordance with the nutritive index to investigate the growth situations corresponding to standing heights, body weights, chest girths, sitting heights in the obesity group and the general group respectively and to examine the family circumstances, disease state, the dietary habit, eating state between meals, exercise state, state of menu usage, the consciousness of obesity and the first menstruation which are predicted to affect obesity. The results of this study were as followed. 1. From the result of the study of the relationship in the body fat content, Rohrer Index, Body Mass Index, Relative Weight for the selection of the proper index in the determination of the obesity of childhood, the coefficient between RI and body fat content was the highest, 0.909 and BMI, RW were followed in their orders. 2. The obesity state of the subject of study was 10.8 percents (boy 13.9 percents, girl 7.5 percents) in the case of RI, 21.0 percents (boy 25.3 percents, girl 16.5 percents) and 36.7 percents (boy 38.6 percents, girl 34.8 percents) in the case of RW and therefore the obesity ratio of boy was higher than that of girl. 3. In the growth state, the obesity group was superior in standing height by 1-3㎝, body weight by 11-16 Kg, chest girth by 11-14 ㎝, sitting height by 2㎝ to those of general group and in body weight and chest girth, there was significant difference statistically (p$lt;0.01), and when they were compared by equal index, H-score, the obesity group showed prominent disproportion in growth state of body weight and chest girth. 4. In the comparison of the state of family circumstance between the obesity group and the general group, the occupation of parents had differences(p$lt;0.05) between two groups, and in the case of dietary habit, the item whether the angry would be dissolved by eating showed differences(p$lt;0.05). In the case of eating habit between meals showed differences in the frequency of eating and in the case of using of the menu showed differences in the preference of outdoor action(p$lt;0.05). 5. In the consciousness of obesity, the 75 percents of obesity group realized that themselves were obese, but the 25 percents of this grasp didn`t think that they were and in the experience of worry about their obese body, the 60.71 percents of obesity group answered that they were worried about that. 56.93 percents of obesity group had the experience of doing exercise and the controlling of exercise amount for the control of body weights. 6. In the case of the first menstruation of girl students, 19.15 percents of obesity group experienced it, but the general group showed 9.54 percents of it.