The purposes of this study are to investigate the effectiveness of goal setting in physical performance and to study the impact of age effect in setting goals. In order to achieve these objectives, a total of 150 children, 75 of six-year-old boys and 75 of ten-year-old boys, participated in this study. 25 boys of each age group, a total of 50 children were assigned to three different goal setting groups; self-directed goal setting, instructed goal setting, and no goal setting. A physical activity was given as a task to each goal setting group. All the children were requested to perform 10 same intial trials, with a transfer test 2 days later. In the acquisition phase, two-way ANOVA was performed. As a result, there was no indication of significance of statistics in six-year-old boys, whereas, ten-year-old boys indicated significance of statistics in post-test and transfer test. Self-directed goal setting group for ten-year-old children carried out the most successful performance followed by instructed goal setting and no goal setting groups. In conclusion, self-directed goal setting is more effective in physical performance for ten-year-old children than six-year-old children.