이 글에서는 조선 후기 마곡사 진영을 중심으로 봉안 전각 변화에 따른 봉안 진영의 변화, 진영을 제작할 때 화승이 구현하고자 한 승려상의 이미지, 그리고 사찰 역사와 무관한 진영이 제작되고 봉안되는 역사적 배경이 무엇인지를 살펴보았다. 마곡사 진영의 봉안 전각은 「泰華山麻谷寺事蹟立案」(조선 후기), 「麻谷寺事蹟兼使立案完文」(조선 후기), 『마곡사 재산대장』(1910)을 통해 국사당, 영자전, 심검당 영각, 상원암 영각이 존재하였음을 확인하였다. 또한 국사당의 진영 봉안이 二國師에서 三國師체제로 변하고, 영자전이 사라지면서 소요대사진영 봉안 전통도 사라졌으며, 심검당 영각과 상원암영각 등 새로운 봉안 전각이 건립되면서 봉안되는 선사들의 진영 체제도 변화하였음을 고찰하였다. 마곡사 봉안 전각과 진영에서 가장 주목되는 곳은 상원암 영각과 그곳에 봉안되었던 진영들이다. 마곡사 상원암 영각에 봉안된 진영들은 18~19세기 마곡사를 이끌었던 逍遙門中의 위상과 실체를 보여준다. 특히 1861~1862년에 제작된 <錦波妙華진영>, <洪溪永日진영>, 그 이후에 제작된 <印月智幸진영>은 19세기 후반 마곡사 진영 조성 불사 과정을 보여준다. 이와 더불어 19세기 호서 불교계에 부상하기 시작한 騎虛靈圭를 중심으로 한 서산휴정, 사명유정 등을 추모하는 양상 속에서 연고가 없던 마곡사 승려들은 어떤 명분과 실리를 통해 <임난 삼화상진영>을 봉안하였는지 그 역사적 맥락을 제시해보았다. <금파묘화진영>, <홍계영일진영>, <인월지행진영>, 그리고 <임난 삼화상진영>은 1860년대 마곡사를 거점을 활동한 畵僧 春潭奉恩이 조성한 진영들이다. 이 글에서는 춘담봉은이 마곡사 승려들이 의뢰한 진영을 제작하는데 있어 이상적인 승려상의 이미지를 어떻게 구현하였는지를 그가 그린 불화와 연결해 해석해 보았다.
This study focuses on the late-19th-century portraits (jinyoung, 眞影) of Buddhist monks in Magoksa Temple to research the changes demonstrated within the enshrined portraits of Buddhist monks in connection with the changes of the enshrinement hall, the images of exemplary Buddhist monks that monk painters wanted the portraits to embody, and the historical background to the production and enshrinement of the portraits of Buddhist monks who were unconnected to the history of the temple. This study confirms that Guksadang Shrine, Yeongjajeon Hall, the Shrine of Simgeomdang Hall, and the Shrine of Sangwonam Hermitage existed through the Certificate on the Affairs of Magoksa Temple, Taehwasan Mountain (泰華山麻谷寺事蹟立案), written in the late Joseon Dynasty period, the Real Estate Certificate on the Affairs of Magoksa Temple (麻谷寺事蹟兼使立案完文), a supplementary document written in the late Joseon Dynasty period for the Certificate on the Affairs of Magoksa Temple, and the Property Book of Magoksa Temple (1910). Furthermore, this study verifies that the portrait enshrinement in Guksadang Shrine shifted from the two-Guksa (national teacher or preceptor) system to the three-Guksa one, that the tradition of enshrining the portrait of Master Monk Soyo stopped at the same time as Yeongjajeon Hall ceased to exist, and that the system for enshrining the portraits of Buddhist monks changed with the construction of new shrines such as the Shrine of Simgeomdang Hall and the Shrine of Sangwonam Hermitage. The most notable shrine and portraits in Magoksa Temple are the Shrine of Sangwonam Hermitage and the portraits enshrined in it. Those portraits show the status and the true nature of the Soyo clan that led Magoksa Temple from the 18th - 19th century. In particular, the Portrait of Monk Geumpa Myohwa (錦波妙華) and the Portrait of Monk Honggye Youngil (洪溪永日) that were created from 1861 to 1862 and the Portrait of Monk Inwol Jihaeng (印月智幸) that was created after the two portraits represent the production process of portraits at Magoksa Temple in the late 19th century. Moreover, this study suggests a historical context for the rationale that led the Buddhist monks of Magoksa Temple to enshrine the Portrait of the Three Great Masters Who Fought Against the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 (Imnan Samhwasang Jinyoung) although they had no connection with the three great masters, particularly given the emerging trend of mourning the death of the Buddhist monks who defended the country including Giheo Youngkyu, Seosan Hyujung, and Samyung Hujung. The Portrait of Monk Geumpa Myohwa, the Portrait of Monk Honggye Youngil, the Portrait of Monk Inwol Jihaeng, and the Portrait of the Three Great Masters Who Fought Against the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 (Imnan Samhwasang Jinyoung) were the portraits created by monk painter Chundam Bongeun (畵僧 春潭奉恩) who worked mainly at Magoksa Temple in the 1860s. This study explains how Chundam Bongeun gave shape to an idealized image of Buddhist monks in the production of these portraits that the monks of Magoksa Temple commissioned, in conjunction with the wider oeuvre of Buddist paintings that he created.