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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
Morad Kh. Hamad (Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals)
저널정보
한국원자력학회 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Nuclear Engineering and Technology 제53권 제8호
발행연도
2021.8
수록면
2,767 - 2,773 (7page)
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2021.02.011

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초록· 키워드

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We used the GEANT4 Monte Carlo MC Toolkit to simulate carbon ion beams incident on water, tissue, andbone, taking into account nuclear fragmentation reactions. Upon increasing the energy of the primarybeam, the position of the Bragg-Peak transfers to a location deeper inside the phantom. For differentmaterials, the peak is located at a shallower depth along the beam direction and becomes sharper withincreasing electron density NZ. Subsequently, the generated depth dose of the Bragg curve is thenbenchmarked with experimental data from GSI in Germany. The results exhibit a reasonable correlationwith GSI experimental data with an accuracy of between 0.02 and 0.08 cm, thus establishing the basis toadopt MC in heavy-ion treatment planning. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov KeS test further ascertained froma statistical point of view that the simulation data matched the experimentally measured data very well. The two-dimensional isodose contours at the entrance were compared to those around the peak positionand in the tail region beyond the peak, showing that bone produces more dose, in comparison to bothwater and tissue, due to secondary doses. In the water, the results show that the maximum energydeposited per fragment is mainly attributed to secondary carbon ions, followed by secondary boron andberyllium. Furthermore, the number of protons produced is the highest, thus making the maximumcontribution to the total dose deposition in the tail region. Finally, the associated spectra of neutrons andphotons were analyzed. The mean neutron energy value was found to be 16.29 MeV, and 1.03 MeV forthe secondary gamma. However, the neutron dose was found to be negligible as compared to the totaldose due to their longer range

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