본 연구는 충남의 빈곤노인을 대상으로 하여, 빈곤지위이동(빈곤탈출집단 대 빈곤유지집단) 결정요인을 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 한국복지패널 2007년 2차년도와 2013년도 8차년도 데이터 중 충남 거주 65세 이상의 노인을 327명을 선별하였고, 그 중 2차년도와 8차년도 동일응답자 중 사회복지서비스 이용경험이 있는 노인 137명을 선별하여 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 첫째, 빈곤탈출집단과 빈곤유지집단의 2차년도 사회인구학적 특성(성별, 연령, 교육수준, 혼인상태, 경제활동상태, 경제활동가족수, 자택여부, 가계총소득, 금융자산총액, 부채총액)은 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 빈곤지위이동을 살펴보면, 빈곤지위가 변한 노인이 23명 16.8%로 나타났다. 빈곤지위가 이동한 노인 중 빈곤탈출노인은 16.8%이고, 빈곤유지노인은 83.2%로, 대다수의 노인이 빈곤상태에서 벗어나지 못하고 있었다. 셋째, 이러한 빈곤지위이동 결정요인으로는 경제활동상태와 경제활동가족수, 사회복지서비스의 이용여부 및 사회복지서비스 만족도가 유의하였다. 즉, 경제활동을 하고 있는 경우 빈곤탈출을 할 가능성이 4.727배 높았고, 경제활동가족수가 1명 늘어날 때마다 탈출가능성이 3.16배 감소하였다. 또한, 사회복지서비스를 1가지 더 이용할 때마다 1.912배 감소하고, 복지서비스 만족도가 1점 높아질 때마다 2.309배 감소하였다. 이 변수들 중에서 충남노인의 빈곤지위이동 결정에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변수는 노인의 경제활동상태였다.
This study aims to examine determinants affecting poverty status movement (the the group escaping from poverty versus the group remaining in poverty) among the poor elderly in Chungnam. To achieve the aims of this research, this research selected 327 respondents, elderly people of 65 or above living in Chungnam province in 2nd year data in 2007 and the 8th year data in 2013 of the Korea Welfare Panel. And, it also chose 137 respondents who have ever used social welfare service among the respondents who answered the questionnaire both in 2007 and 2013. The findings of the data analysis are as follows. First, there were no significant differences in demographic characteristics (gender, age, educational background, marriage status, economic activity, number of family members in economic activities, home ownership, total household income, total financial assets, and total debts) between the group escaping from poverty and the group remaining in poverty. Second, the number of the elderly who moved from poverty to non-poverty was 23 (16.8%), and remaining 83.2% of them remained in poverty. Most of them could not escape from poverty. Third, as determinants in movement from poverty, the following variables were significant: economic activity, number of family members in economic activities, use of social welfare services, and satisfaction with social welfare services. That is, those who were engaged in economic activities were 4.727 times more likely to escape from poverty. And, as the number of family members doing economic activities increased by 1, the possibility of escaping from poverty decreased 3.16 times. In addition, as the number of social welfare services is added, the possibility of escaping from poverty decreased 1.912 times, and, as the score of satisfaction with welfare services went up by 1 point, the possibility of escaping from poverty decreased 2.309 times. Among those variables, what affected the most on poverty status movement among Chungnam elderly was whether they were in economic activities or not.