Antiviral Potential of the Genus Panax: An updated review on their effects and underlying mechanism of action

Yibo Zhang; Xuanlei Zhong; Zhichao Xi; Yang Li; Hongxi Xu

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자료유형: 학술저널

저자정보: Yibo Zhang (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Xuanlei Zhong (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Zhichao Xi (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Yang Li (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Hongxi Xu (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)

저널정보: 고려인삼학회 Journal of Ginseng Research Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.2

발행연도: 2023.3

수록면: 183 - 192 (10page)

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Viral infections are known as one of the major factors causing death. Ginseng is a medicinal plant that demonstrated a wide range of antiviral potential, and saponins are the major bioactive ingredients in the genus Panax with vast therapeutic potential. Studies focusing on the antiviral activity of the genus Panax plant-derived agents (extracts and saponins) and their mechanisms were identified and summarized, including contributions mainly from January 2016 until January 2022. P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolius were included in the review as valuable medicinal herbs against infections with 14 types of viruses. Reports from 9 extracts and 12 bioactive saponins were included, with 6 types of protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides and 6 types of protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides. The mechanisms mainly involved the inhibition of viral attachment and replication, the modulation of immune response by regulating signaling pathways, including the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, cystathionine g-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pathway, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1)/ protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) pathway. This review includes detailed information about the mentioned antiviral effects of the genus Panax extracts and saponins in vitro and in vivo, and in human clinical trials, which provides a scientific basis for ginseng as an adjunctive therapeutic drug or nutraceutical.

#antiviral activity #ginseng #ginsenosides #Panax ginseng #mechanism of action

ABSTRACT
1. Introduction
2. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)
3. Influenza virus
4. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
5. Enterovirus (EV)
6. Hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)
7. Rotavirus (RV)
8. Herpesvirus
9. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
10. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
11. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV)
12. Newcastle disease virus (NDV)
13. Pestivirus
14. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
15. Coronavirus
16. Conclusion and future prospects
References

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