Ecological pollution and health risk monitoring assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals in surface water, southeastern Nigeria

Chisom Theresa Umeh; John Kanayochukwu Nduka; Daniel Omeodisemi Omokpariola; Joy Ebele Morah; Ebuka Chidiebere Mmaduakor; Nkechi Helen Okoye; Ekene-Echerebo Ifeoma Lilian; Ifeanyi Favor Kalu

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저자정보: Chisom Theresa Umeh (Nnamdi Azikiwe University) John Kanayochukwu Nduka (Nnamdi Azikiwe University) Daniel Omeodisemi Omokpariola (Nnamdi Azikiwe University) Joy Ebele Morah (Nnamdi Azikiwe University) Ebuka Chidiebere Mmaduakor (Nnamdi Azikiwe University) Nkechi Helen Okoye (Nnamdi Azikiwe University) Ekene-Echerebo Ifeoma Lilian (Nnamdi Azikiwe University) Ifeanyi Favor Kalu (Nnamdi Azikiwe University)

저널정보: 환경독성보건학회 Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology Vol.38 No.2

발행연도: 2023.6

수록면: 1 - 27 (27page)

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) are predominant pollutants linked with anthropogenic activities across a host of environmental mediums. The level of pollution, ecological and health risk were assessed in surface water from Ekulu in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria for 17 PAHs and selected HMs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn) components. PAHs and HMs were determined using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and atomic adsorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The total PAHs in station A (3.17mg/l), B (1.51mg/l), and C (1.83mg/l) were due to high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs than low molecular weight (HMW) PAHs. HMs contents were within USEPA and WHO minimum contamination levels (MCL) except Cr and Pb. The molecular diagnostics of PAHs showed that incomplete combustion of carbonaceous compounds was dominant, while petrogenic was insignificant across all samples. The ecological indices of PAHs and HMs varied from medium to high pollution due to anthropogenic activities that pose a threat to the ecosystem. The non-carcinogenic models showed that hazard index (HI) ranged from PAHs (0.027 – 0.083) and HMs (0.0067 – 0.087) which is less than unity implying no adverse health issues. The lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for PAHs (4.21×10–4 – 9.61×10–4) and HMs (1.72×10–5 – 3.98×10–5) suggested significant cancer risk is possible over some time for a population of 1 in 10,000 and 100,000 for both PAHs and HMs exposure for 70 years. Therefore, there is an urgent need for proper pollution control and mitigation plan to preserve both age groups from being continuously exposed to anthropogenic activities in the Ekulu River and further study should be carried out to monitor the available toxicants.

#surface water #polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons #heavy metals #ecological risk #cancer risk

참고문헌 (92)

참고문헌 신청

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