디지털은 우리의 일상뿐만 아니라 사회 전반에 깊숙이 침투하여 영향을 미치고 있다. 이에 국내·외의 기업들은 채용, 생산, 기획, 마케팅, 영업 등 기업의 모든 분야에 디지털 기술을 도입하고, 디지털 트랜스포메이션을 달성하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 국방분야에서도 디지털 트랜스포메이션의 필요성은 마찬가지로 강조되고 있다. 국방부는 최근 「국방개혁 2.0」에서 디지털 기술의 국방 적용을 포괄적으로 검토하고 구체화하기 시작하였다. 디지털 트랜스포메이션을 달성하기 위한 군의 노력은 궁극적으로 전투력의 향상을 가져올 것이고 군사력에서의 압도적인 우세와 전쟁승리의 핵심역할을 할 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구는 디지털 트랜스포메이션의 결정요인으로 디지털 역량과 리더십 역량을 강조한 Westerman(2014)의 이론을 토대로 군 관계자 대상의 실증분석을 실시하여 위 독립변수와 종속변수 간의 상관관계를 확인하고, 이러한 관계에 있어 위험감수성향이 미치는 조절효과에 관하여 연구하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 디지털 트랜스포메이션의 결정요인을 군 관계자 대상의 실증연구를 통해 분석하고, 위험감수성향의 조절효과를 함께 알아보았다는 점에서 이론적 의의가 있으며, 군의 디지털 트랜스포메이션의 달성을 위한 디지털 역량 및 리더십 역량 발전의 필요성, 그리고 위험감수 조직문화 활성화의 필요성을 제시하였다는데 실무적 의의를 가진다.
Digital is deeply penetrating and affecting not only our daily lives but also society as a whole. Accordingly, domestic and foreign companies are introducing digital technology in all areas of the company, including recruitment, production, planning, marketing, and sales, and declaring digital transformation, which is operated based on vast amounts of data, as a ground task and striving to achieve it. Many global companies are already evaluated to have achieved digital transformation, and from the successful performance of these companies, there is a consensus that digital transformation is not just an option to improve management, but an essential element for survival.
In the field of defense, the need for digital transformation is likewise emphasized. The Ministry of National Defense recently began comprehensively reviewing and specifying the defense application of digital technology in Defense Reform 2.0. In order to fundamentally change and innovate the way and means of work, not just the use of technology, the Ministry of National Defense is making various efforts by establishing the 4th Business Revolution Smart Defense Innovation Promotion Plan (2020) and setting five tasks such as digital leadership. Such efforts by the military to achieve digital transformation will ultimately lead to an improvement in combat power and are expected to play a key role in the overwhelming dominance of the military and the victory of the war.
Therefore, this study conducted an empirical analysis of military officials based on Westerman (2014), who emphasized digital and leadership capabilities as determinants of digital transformation, to confirm the correlation between the above independent and dependent variables, and to study the moderating effect of risk-taking in this relationship. To this end, a survey of 179 soldiers and military personnel of field and military educational institutions was conducted, and based on the survey data, the research model was analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0. statistical packages. As a result of the analysis, the effect of digital capabilities and leadership capabilities on digital transformation levels was statistically significant, and as a result of analyzing the moderating effect of risk-sensitive propensity in the relationship between digital capabilities and digital transformation levels.
This study is of theoretical significance in that it analyzed the determinants of digital transformation through empirical studies for military officials, examined the moderating effect of risk-taking tendency, and suggested the need to develop digital and leadership capabilities to achieve digital transformation in the military, and the need to revitalize risk-taking organizational culture.