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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
남종국 (이화여자대학교)
저널정보
한국서양사연구회 서양사연구 서양사연구 제68호
발행연도
2023.5
수록면
259 - 298 (40page)

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This paper aims to explore how Florentine citizens thought of usury or interest loans, through analyzing the banking business of the Medici family in Florence in the 15th century. The Medici Bank did not openly disregard the religious doctrine forbidding usury, but it sought to conceal its lending at interest through bills of exchange, a special sort of deposit called deposito a discrezione, and public debts. Although the Church adhered to the doctrine of the official prohibition of usury, in reality not only the pope and high clergy, but also secular lords were engaged in interest loans. It is difficult to ascertain exactly whether the citizens of Florence in the 15th century considered the Medici family to be usurers. This is because there are not enough historical records left to prove this, and in addition, a change in the perception of usury was in progress in Florentine society in the Late Middle Ages. There were both voices supporting the strict doctrine that all sorts of usury should be punished, and objections to condemn only clear manifest usurers. However some Florentine citizens believed that the Medici family was involved in interest loans and that they were allied with the Jewish moneylenders. The Medici family did not receive any legal punishment for usury, and they did not feel religious, moral, or scrupulous remorse. But they were also not completely liberated from the doctrine prohibiting usury. Like their contemporary moneylenders, the Medici family sought salvation by returning some of the money unfairly earned through interest loans, though they chose to donate it to the church instead of returning it to the original owners. Through these donations, they were forgiven by the church, and were able to increase the glory and prestige of the family. Therefore this article confirms that the perception of usury was changing in Florence and Europe in the Later Middle Ages, through its analysis of the Medici Bank.

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