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논문 기본 정보

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학술저널
저자정보
Valentina Zanuso (Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan; Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy) Giulia Tesini (Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan; Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy) Elena Valenzi (Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan; Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy) Lorenza Rimassa (Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan; Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy)
저널정보
대한간암학회 Journal of Liver Cancer Journal of Liver Cancer 제24권 제2호
발행연도
2024.9
수록면
155 - 170 (16page)
DOI
10.17998/jlc.2024.08.07

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Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare and aggressive cancer, mostly diagnosed at advanced or metastatic stage, at which point systemic treatment represents the only therapeutic option. Chemotherapy has been the backbone of advanced CCA treatment. More recently, immunotherapy has changed the therapeutic landscape, as immune checkpoint inhibitors have yielded the first improvement in survival and currently, the addition of either durvalumab or pembrolizumab to standard of care cisplatin plus gemcitabine represents the new first-line treatment option. However, the use of immunotherapy in subsequent lines has not demonstrated its efficacy and therefore, it is not approved, except for pembrolizumab in the selected microsatellite instability-high population. In addition, advances in comprehensive genomic profiling have led to the identification of targetable genetic alterations, such as isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), proto-oncogene B-Raf (BRAF), neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK), rearranged during transfection (RET), Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS), and mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), thus favoring the development of a precision medicine approach in previously treated patients. Despite these advances, the use of molecularly driven agents is limited to a subgroup of patients. This review aims to provide an overview of the newly approved systemic therapies, the ongoing studies, and future research challenges in advanced CCA management.

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