본 연구는 대학생의 진로준비에 영향을 미치는 요소를 구성주의 진로발달이론과 사회인지 진로이론에 근거하여 환경적 측면과 개인적 측면에서 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 환경적 변인으로 사회적 지지와 개인적 변인으로 심리적 자본을 선정하였으며, 사회적 지지와 심리적 자본이 진로준비행동에 어떠한 영향관계를 갖는지 검증하고자 하였다. 실증분석을 위해 수도권 소재 대학생을 대상으로 직접 설문조사와 온라인 조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 설문지 중 불성실한 응답 및 결측값이 있는 응답을 제외한 최종 329부를 분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 가설검증을 위해 AMOS 프로그램을 이용한 구조방정식모형분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 사회적지지 하위차원 중 정보적 지지는 자기효능감, 희망, 낙천주의, 회복탄력성의 심리적 자본 하위차원에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 정서적 지지는 자기효능감에만 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 심리적 자본과 진로준비행동 간의 관계에서 자기효능감은 정보수집행동, 도구준비활동, 목표달성활동에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 회복탄력성 또한 정보수집활동, 도구준비활동, 목표달성활동에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 희망은 정보수집활동과 도구준비활동에만 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 낙천주의는 도구준비활동에만 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 사회적 지지와 진로준비행동 간의 관계에서는 정보적 지지만 정보수집활동과 도구준비활동에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 간접효과 분석을 통해 사회적지지 세 요인이 모두 진로준비행동에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 검증결과를 바탕으로 사회적지지 요인 중 정보적 지지의 중요성과 심리적 자본 요인 중 자기효능감 및 회복탄력성의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 어려운 취업환경과 진로준비에 어려움을 겪고 있는 대학생들의 적극적인 진로준비행동을 이끌어낼 수 있고 기업경영에 필요한 인재선발을 위한 환경적 요인과 개인적 요인의 강화 방안에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.
This research had intended to take a look at the elements that have the influences on the career path preparations of the university students from the environmental aspect and from the personal aspect by basing on the constructivist career development theory and the social cognitive career theory. For this, as the environmental variable, the social support was selected. And, as the personal variable, the psychological capital was selected. And it had been intended to verify what influential relationship the social support and the psychological capital had on the career preparation behavior. For the empirical analysis, the direct questionnaire survey investigation and the online investigation had been carried out with the university students located in the capital city area. And, among the survey questionnaires that had been collected, the final 329 copies, excluding the unreliable responses and the responses with the missing values, were used for the analysis. For the hypothetical verification that was presented in this research, the structure equation model analysis using the AMOS program was carried out. As a result of the analysis, it appeared that, among the low-ranking dimensions of the social support, the informational support had the positive influences on all, including the feeling of self-efficacy, the hope, the optimism, and the low-ranking dimensions of the psychological capital of the recovery elasticity. It appeared, however, that the emotional support had the positive influence on the feeling of self-efficacy only. It appeared that, in the relationship between the psychological capital and the career preparation behavior, the feeling of self-efficacy had the positive influences on all, including the information collection behavior, the tool preparation activity, and the goal achievement activity. And it appeared that the recovery elasticity, also, had the positive influences on all, including the information collection activity, the tool preparation activity, and the goal achievement activity. It appeared, however, that hope has the positive influences on the information collection activity and the tool preparation activity only. And it appeared that optimism has the positive influence on the tool preparation activity only. It appeared that, in the relationship between the social support and the career preparation behavior, only the informational support had the direct influences on the information collection activity and the tool preparation activity. And, through an indirect effect analysis, it was confirmed that all of the three factors of the social support had the indirect influences on the career preparation behavior. Based on such verification results, it was able to confirm the importance of the informational support among the factors of the social support and the importance of the feeling of self-efficacy and the resiliency among the factors of the psychological capital. And the implications were presented regarding the plans for strengthening the environmental factors and the personal factors that can draw the aggressive career preparation behaviors of the university students who have been experiencing the difficulties with regard to the difficult employment environment and the career preparations.