지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
Before division, Korean society maintained highly homogenious socio-cultural integrity. In the past fifty years, however, North and South Korea have evolved into the markedly different societies with diametrically different national goals, namely, a monothetic autocratic socialist society and a liberal democratic society with market-economy
respectively. As a result, North Koreans completely isolated from South Korea as well as other non-socialist world and systematically indoctrinated to behave as a citizen of a totalitarian society are seriously handicapped in adjusting to the alien socio-cultural settings of South Korea.
The purpose of this thesis is to identify problems and difficulties North Korean defectors face in the process of adjustment to South Koreans socio-cultured environment. Though this study is a small-scale pilot study with limited number of sample cases, it is expected to guide a full-scale research in preparation for building a unified society of South and North Koreans when reunified.
For this thesis, I conducted face-to-face interviews with forty-four North Korean defectors who anived in South Korea in the 1980's. The main focus of the interviews was the difficulties and problems associated with their adjustment to Korean society in social and cultural domains of daily lives- such as employment, education, language, family, religion, and jobs.
Some of the findings are as follows:
(1) Social areas
The interviewees experienced difficulties in understanding a new economic system as they moved into a capitalistic society. Living the life of a consumer and comprehending the value and denominations of the currency were real problems. Defectors stated that they were often swindled by South Koreans who took advantage of their ignorance by over -charging them. Regarding other aspects of social life, 75% of the interviewees answered that there were great differences between North and South Koreas in regard to lifestyle, habits and social customs. Many recognized that in the South, housing and food are better, and there is a greater variety of consumer items from which to choose. However, they stated that free entetprise can cause problems.
Most of the defectors are satisfied with their present employment. But, they are not experienced in the details of their jobs, and particularly, some feel uncomfortable with and unprepared for highly specialized jobs. Therefore, respondents emphasize a great need for
in-service training.
With regard to education, reapondents were generally satisfied, although all of them, with no exception, found it difficult to learn English. The widespread use of foreign expressions also makes daily-life communication difficult.
(2) Cultural areas
Psychologically or emotionally, respondents express feelings of being liberated and stable since they no longer feel they are under surveillance. However, they also say that they feel alienated, lonely, misunderstood and inferior in interpersonal relations with South Koreans. In addition, many suffer from guilt feelings because they left parents, siblings and relatives in the North.
Regarding family life: in North Korea, life was financially difficult and therefore simple and family-centered. In contrast, in South Korea, society is open and there are opportunities for people to advance and succeed individually. On the other hand, for those with children, there are the constant pressures to send their children to the best schools. The need for 'pocket money' for children causes problems and conflicts among family members. In
addition, the South Korean educational system, which allows students to advance freely, is very different from the experience which parents had in the North, and can be an additional source of conflict.
61.4% of the interviewees state that they practice a religion. They do so for peace of mind and stability in their lives. They express a sense of close connection with religious people. Defectors state that they had a negative attitude toward religion when in the North, but that now they feel positive about religious practice, acknowledging a change in their conscious awareness of religion.
In light of the information obtained from the survey, I propose the following measures to better enhance social adjustments of defectors :
1. Development of a systematic and specific education program, considering age, previous education and class, to assist defectors from North Korea. To do this, all levels of South Korean society would need to be involved.
2. A re-education program for the defectors.
3. A guidebook for social life. This would provide a clear direction for life in South Korea.
4. Job training in all fields. Individual talent, personality and experience must be considered.
5. Understanding on the part of South Koreans of what the defectors experience during the period of adaptation.
6. Regular meetings of defectors where they can support each other.
7. Efforts to promote the interests of defectors and respect for their limitations in adapting to South Korean Society.
8.An on-going, systematic political education program regarding reunification and development of a unified society for South Koreans.
respectively. As a result, North Koreans completely isolated from South Korea as well as other non-socialist world and systematically indoctrinated to behave as a citizen of a totalitarian society are seriously handicapped in adjusting to the alien socio-cultural settings of South Korea.
The purpose of this thesis is to identify problems and difficulties North Korean defectors face in the process of adjustment to South Koreans socio-cultured environment. Though this study is a small-scale pilot study with limited number of sample cases, it is expected to guide a full-scale research in preparation for building a unified society of South and North Koreans when reunified.
For this thesis, I conducted face-to-face interviews with forty-four North Korean defectors who anived in South Korea in the 1980's. The main focus of the interviews was the difficulties and problems associated with their adjustment to Korean society in social and cultural domains of daily lives- such as employment, education, language, family, religion, and jobs.
Some of the findings are as follows:
(1) Social areas
The interviewees experienced difficulties in understanding a new economic system as they moved into a capitalistic society. Living the life of a consumer and comprehending the value and denominations of the currency were real problems. Defectors stated that they were often swindled by South Koreans who took advantage of their ignorance by over -charging them. Regarding other aspects of social life, 75% of the interviewees answered that there were great differences between North and South Koreas in regard to lifestyle, habits and social customs. Many recognized that in the South, housing and food are better, and there is a greater variety of consumer items from which to choose. However, they stated that free entetprise can cause problems.
Most of the defectors are satisfied with their present employment. But, they are not experienced in the details of their jobs, and particularly, some feel uncomfortable with and unprepared for highly specialized jobs. Therefore, respondents emphasize a great need for
in-service training.
With regard to education, reapondents were generally satisfied, although all of them, with no exception, found it difficult to learn English. The widespread use of foreign expressions also makes daily-life communication difficult.
(2) Cultural areas
Psychologically or emotionally, respondents express feelings of being liberated and stable since they no longer feel they are under surveillance. However, they also say that they feel alienated, lonely, misunderstood and inferior in interpersonal relations with South Koreans. In addition, many suffer from guilt feelings because they left parents, siblings and relatives in the North.
Regarding family life: in North Korea, life was financially difficult and therefore simple and family-centered. In contrast, in South Korea, society is open and there are opportunities for people to advance and succeed individually. On the other hand, for those with children, there are the constant pressures to send their children to the best schools. The need for 'pocket money' for children causes problems and conflicts among family members. In
addition, the South Korean educational system, which allows students to advance freely, is very different from the experience which parents had in the North, and can be an additional source of conflict.
61.4% of the interviewees state that they practice a religion. They do so for peace of mind and stability in their lives. They express a sense of close connection with religious people. Defectors state that they had a negative attitude toward religion when in the North, but that now they feel positive about religious practice, acknowledging a change in their conscious awareness of religion.
In light of the information obtained from the survey, I propose the following measures to better enhance social adjustments of defectors :
1. Development of a systematic and specific education program, considering age, previous education and class, to assist defectors from North Korea. To do this, all levels of South Korean society would need to be involved.
2. A re-education program for the defectors.
3. A guidebook for social life. This would provide a clear direction for life in South Korea.
4. Job training in all fields. Individual talent, personality and experience must be considered.
5. Understanding on the part of South Koreans of what the defectors experience during the period of adaptation.
6. Regular meetings of defectors where they can support each other.
7. Efforts to promote the interests of defectors and respect for their limitations in adapting to South Korean Society.
8.An on-going, systematic political education program regarding reunification and development of a unified society for South Koreans.
목차
1. 서론
2. 이론적 배경
3. 북한 이탈 주민의 남한 사회 적응 실태
4. 적응 실태에 나타난 문제점
5. 결론 및 제언
ABSTRACT
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