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커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
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The War of the Vendee can be understood as a popular movement, because two thirds of the Vendeans were composed of the peasants, and the rest of them were weavers, shopkeepers, and others.
In the 1960s, on such premise, M. Faucheux, P. Bois, and C. Tilly had thoroughly researched the relation between the social economic conditions and the causes of the war.
First, Faucheux emphasized upon the poverty in the department of the Vendee. According to him, the inhabitants of the department revolted against the Republicans by reason of the aggravation of pauperism. Their economic dissatisfactions and personal animocities were encouraged, especially by the result of the sales of the ecclesiastical and emigre properties appropriated by the revolutionary government. The urban commercial bourgeoisie seized the greatest advantage from the revolution. In addition, the Civil Constitution of the Clergy brought about religious crisis between the peasants and the Patriots.
On the other hand, Bois investigated into the department of the Sarthe. He compared with the east region of the Sarthe and the west. The majority of the east belonged to the Republican. But the west that moved toward the Chouannerie was hostile to the bourgeoisie who obtained the most of national properties. Contrarily, the peasantry of the east region accepted various revolutionary reforms. To be sure, Bois has made it clear that the difference in the attitudes of the two regions comes from the economic life level. The west habitants could compete with the local bourgeois in buying the nationalized land with their comparatively high economic power, even though it turned out that they could not succeed in the public sale of the land. At the same time, the east peasants must do artisanal role-weavers, spinners and other rural artisans-to supplement their subsistence.
Finally, Tilly, an american sociologist, examined the province of the Mauges. He argued that the number of rebels was in inverse proportion to the degree of the urbanization. And the territory of the Mauges-nuclei of the military Vendee-was not so rich as the west of the Sarthe (Bois’s research object) and not so poor as the Vendee (Faucheux’s study department).
Considering scholar’s researches, we can surmise that the economic situations of the peasantry were not the most decisive factor of the Vendee war. Instead, many-sided economic social causes should be investigated with more consideration. Therefore, we will try to prove the argument that the agrarian policy of the French revolutionaries would reduce the ‘laboureurs’ to the ‘manouvriers’ going abreast intensifying the bourgeois large-scale land ownership in the french rural society, on the basis of E. P. Thompson’s term, the “moral economy”.
In the 1960s, on such premise, M. Faucheux, P. Bois, and C. Tilly had thoroughly researched the relation between the social economic conditions and the causes of the war.
First, Faucheux emphasized upon the poverty in the department of the Vendee. According to him, the inhabitants of the department revolted against the Republicans by reason of the aggravation of pauperism. Their economic dissatisfactions and personal animocities were encouraged, especially by the result of the sales of the ecclesiastical and emigre properties appropriated by the revolutionary government. The urban commercial bourgeoisie seized the greatest advantage from the revolution. In addition, the Civil Constitution of the Clergy brought about religious crisis between the peasants and the Patriots.
On the other hand, Bois investigated into the department of the Sarthe. He compared with the east region of the Sarthe and the west. The majority of the east belonged to the Republican. But the west that moved toward the Chouannerie was hostile to the bourgeoisie who obtained the most of national properties. Contrarily, the peasantry of the east region accepted various revolutionary reforms. To be sure, Bois has made it clear that the difference in the attitudes of the two regions comes from the economic life level. The west habitants could compete with the local bourgeois in buying the nationalized land with their comparatively high economic power, even though it turned out that they could not succeed in the public sale of the land. At the same time, the east peasants must do artisanal role-weavers, spinners and other rural artisans-to supplement their subsistence.
Finally, Tilly, an american sociologist, examined the province of the Mauges. He argued that the number of rebels was in inverse proportion to the degree of the urbanization. And the territory of the Mauges-nuclei of the military Vendee-was not so rich as the west of the Sarthe (Bois’s research object) and not so poor as the Vendee (Faucheux’s study department).
Considering scholar’s researches, we can surmise that the economic situations of the peasantry were not the most decisive factor of the Vendee war. Instead, many-sided economic social causes should be investigated with more consideration. Therefore, we will try to prove the argument that the agrarian policy of the French revolutionaries would reduce the ‘laboureurs’ to the ‘manouvriers’ going abreast intensifying the bourgeois large-scale land ownership in the french rural society, on the basis of E. P. Thompson’s term, the “moral economy”.
목차
Ⅰ. 들어가며
Ⅱ. 방데전쟁에 관한 사회경제적 연구
Ⅲ. 빈곤에서 말미암은 농민전쟁이었던가? 아니면 부유함에서 유래한 농민전쟁이었던가?
Ⅳ. 나오며
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2009-926-015123580