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자료유형
학술저널
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19세기영어권문학회 19세기 영어권 문학 19세기 영어권 문학 제5권
발행연도
2001.8
수록면
27 - 51 (25page)

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This paper attempts to define Hawthorne's ideal woman, especially in The Marble Faun. Hawthorne's novels reveal his deep interest in the history of American colonial days, the lives of American people and the future of the country itself, though they mostly appear to deal with dark and abstract matters such as the effect of sin and the conflict of good and evil. Hawthorne especially tried to draw out a vision of a better future for America through his searches into the past. And he believed that woman would play an important and essential role to make the world better by helping and guiding man. He tried to define some idealistic aspects of woman to be such an angelic guide to man throughout his novels. Therefore, Hawthorne's representation of the ideal woman is closely connected with his eager desire to prophesy the visionary future of the country.
Hawthorne's ideal woman is represented as pure, submissive and sacred like the Virgin Mary. As a result his ideal woman looks like the typical Angel of the House, who has been a conventional heroine of domestic novels of those times. Therefore, Hawthorne has been criticized as distorting woman into an abstract and spiritual being through his male-oriented view of woman.
However, Hawthorne's female characters are not just products of the author's patriarchal point of view. Though Hawthorne's ideal heroines like Phoebe, Priscilla, and Hilda are qualified with traditional angelic virtues like purity, submission, domesticity and piety, passionate and revolutionary women like Hester, Zenobia, and Miriam have been represented impressively and attractively with the author's sympathy. Therefore, his novels reflect not just his patriarchal view of woman but his conflicts between his desire for an ideal woman and his artistic instinct for the real creative woman. The great artist Hawthorne reveals the power of a real woman who defies the established and conventional morality, while the idealist and romantist Hawthorne creates the ideal, pure but unattractive heroine.
However, in The Marble Faun, Hawthorne shows a great development in representing Hilda, the ideal, pure heroine. While the earlier ideal heroines are too good to believe and too abstract to be regarded as human beings, Hawthorne tries to represent Hilda as a more persuasive heroine by showing the defect of severe and merciless innocence and piety of Hilda's. Pure but severe Hilda changes into a more humane person through experiences of a guilty conscience after witnessing the murder of Donatello and Miriam. And Hawthorne finally suggests the union of Kenyon and Hilda, who have become more humane through indirect experiences but still keep their purity and piety, as an ideal one essential for a better world. Unfortunately, however, Hawthorne didn't entirely succeed in representing Hilda sympathetically and attractively.

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