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Andre Breton was deeply aware of the problems of absurdity and contradiction in the real world after the First World War and participated in the Dada movement intending to revolt against the hypocrisy and the conventions. Dada emphasized on: ‘deny everything, destroy altogether and, not to believe all the instructions, even Dada’s lessons’. Therefore it was expected that the dadaist could not help giving up Dadaism itself from the beginning. Then Breton presented a more hopeful and concrete proposal to rescue the world than Dada. His new plan was to create a surrealistic world which can settle all the inconsistencies and absurdities of the real world and set free the human being from the traditions and taboos. It was to perform a total liberating movement conceming the intellectual, social, and artistic field. Breton’s writings on arts were based on his view of world, and his belief that one can reach the surreal world by means of poems or plastic arts. This conviction was never given up to the end of his life, and had a great influence on the history of modem art.
Breton proposed “the communicating vessels” as a means to solve problems caused by conflicts of contradictions. This idea indicates the passage through which makes the contradictory elements in the real communicate freely each other. That is the surreal world in which it is possible to communicate without any problem. While Breton conveyed a spiritual and moral message to move forward to the ideal world in his critical writings on plastic arts, he did not suggest certain concrete styles. So artists who wanted to follow Breton’s message could search for or invent the methods to reach the desirable world for themselves. Breton’s message was not a specific form or method but a kind of goal and attitude. Therefore his selection of the art works for criticizing covered the various period and styles which range from past to present, no matter what it is figurative or abstract, subjective expressions or presentation of real objects.
Breton surveyed artists and their work with a conviction that the art must realize the requirement of the times and society like other cultural activities. The reason why Breton rarely mentioned on the stylistic or plastic aspects in his critical writings is that he was particularly interested in subjects of works such as the views and attitudes of artists toward the world. From the beginning to the end of surrealist movement, the credo of Breton has often been criticized too strict and moralistic. But his fundamental belief on the total liberation of human being and the amelioration of the world has to be well understood. Also his missionary consciousness and humanistic stance deserve high evaluation. Andre Breton’s humanistic attitude with a historical view on the world could be a good lesson which makes us reflect on our art world where there are so many critical writings without any historical view or humanistic sense of responsibility.
Breton proposed “the communicating vessels” as a means to solve problems caused by conflicts of contradictions. This idea indicates the passage through which makes the contradictory elements in the real communicate freely each other. That is the surreal world in which it is possible to communicate without any problem. While Breton conveyed a spiritual and moral message to move forward to the ideal world in his critical writings on plastic arts, he did not suggest certain concrete styles. So artists who wanted to follow Breton’s message could search for or invent the methods to reach the desirable world for themselves. Breton’s message was not a specific form or method but a kind of goal and attitude. Therefore his selection of the art works for criticizing covered the various period and styles which range from past to present, no matter what it is figurative or abstract, subjective expressions or presentation of real objects.
Breton surveyed artists and their work with a conviction that the art must realize the requirement of the times and society like other cultural activities. The reason why Breton rarely mentioned on the stylistic or plastic aspects in his critical writings is that he was particularly interested in subjects of works such as the views and attitudes of artists toward the world. From the beginning to the end of surrealist movement, the credo of Breton has often been criticized too strict and moralistic. But his fundamental belief on the total liberation of human being and the amelioration of the world has to be well understood. Also his missionary consciousness and humanistic stance deserve high evaluation. Andre Breton’s humanistic attitude with a historical view on the world could be a good lesson which makes us reflect on our art world where there are so many critical writings without any historical view or humanistic sense of responsibility.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 브르통의 미술 비평의 특성
Ⅲ. 미술 작품을 평가하는 브르통의 관점
Ⅳ. 맺음말
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