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A language codes the noun phrases in a clause with respect to the verb. The noun phrases coded by grarnmatical devices encodes some functions.
In Old English, the representations of semantic and pragmatic functions are kept distinct. The noun phrases of a predicate verb were coded by case inflection. The case marked noun phrases encoded semantic functions. In addition to the case endings, the word order change encoded pragmatic functions. On the other hand, in current Modern English, the representations of semantic and pragmatic functions were combined so as to be grammaticalized due to the loss of inflectional case endings and the fixed SVO word order. The configuration and prepositions encodes grammatical relations such as subject and object. Pragmatic functions are not overtly coded in Modem English. The preverbal subject in prototypical transitive sentence encodes not only the agent among other semantic functions but also the discourse topic.
In Old English when an argument was coded by case inflection, a passive construction was not as productive as that of Modern English and the topicalized construction was a pragmatic substitute for the passive in Modem English. The high frequency of the passive in Modem English is related to its pragmatic function and this is due to the process of grammaticalization. As another result of grammaticalization, a number of impersonal constructions in Old English were changed to personal counterparts in Middle and Modem English. A cause of the disappearance of impersonals was in the loss of case endings and the overwhelming use of the subject-verb order.
In Old English, the representations of semantic and pragmatic functions are kept distinct. The noun phrases of a predicate verb were coded by case inflection. The case marked noun phrases encoded semantic functions. In addition to the case endings, the word order change encoded pragmatic functions. On the other hand, in current Modern English, the representations of semantic and pragmatic functions were combined so as to be grammaticalized due to the loss of inflectional case endings and the fixed SVO word order. The configuration and prepositions encodes grammatical relations such as subject and object. Pragmatic functions are not overtly coded in Modem English. The preverbal subject in prototypical transitive sentence encodes not only the agent among other semantic functions but also the discourse topic.
In Old English when an argument was coded by case inflection, a passive construction was not as productive as that of Modern English and the topicalized construction was a pragmatic substitute for the passive in Modem English. The high frequency of the passive in Modem English is related to its pragmatic function and this is due to the process of grammaticalization. As another result of grammaticalization, a number of impersonal constructions in Old English were changed to personal counterparts in Middle and Modem English. A cause of the disappearance of impersonals was in the loss of case endings and the overwhelming use of the subject-verb order.
목차
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 격과 어순
Ⅲ. 수동태
Ⅳ. 비인칭 구문
Ⅴ. 결론
인용문헌
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