지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
In this paper, I have focused primarily on the types and qualities of male and female Rice God through the myth of prevailing in East Asia.
From the prehistoric periods, there was a Great Mother who was creator of universe by herself. And later, Earth Mother appeared as a spouse of heaven God. And later again, there was Goddess related agriculture. Rice Goddess is specific beings regarded with rice planting culture. In Korea, The woman Wung-Nyeo in the myth of Dan-Goon is a Earth Mother in contrast that Yu-Hwa is Grain Mother in the myth of Zu-Mong
There are three major types of Rice Deity. The first type is a Souls(spirits) of Rice. This case is based on the Animism, prevailing mostly in the South of China and North of Southeast Asia. People worship the souls of Rice and ask for the well harvest by calling them through rites. Representative sample is a myth of 〈Calling the soul of rice〉 in Zhuimg people who live in southern area of China.
The Second type is Goddess of Rice as virgin mostly. She has a cycling of death and revival every year according the cycle of grain. This type has two subtypes; the one is that high level maiden chose she's death by herself to overcome the social crisis, the other is that woman was killed by people for several reasons. But two subtypes have common similitude in the point of death and revival as a human being and Goddess each other. Specially second subtype is called 'corpse rebirth'. Because maiden, as a main character in the myth, was killed and buried in the earth and many grains including rice were grown from her corpse. The social meanings of these types are 1) high class woman was killed when sacrifice was needed for getting over the social crisis and by this ritual, high class has a reasonable reason why they can rule the people, 2) women was suffered by men in the patriarch society. Goddess Dewi Sri, Nyi Pohachi in Indonesia, Maeposop in Thailand are the most famous Goddess of Rice in Southeast Asia in this case.
The third type is a male paddy God. His name is Sanbai, especially in the Jukoku province of Japan. He is the son of Heaven. And hc is also considered as a God of Mountain. When the rice farming is begun in the spring, The Sanbai descent from mountain to paddy as Rice God to guard rice. After harvest was done in fall, He goes back to the mountain again. So he get come and go back periodically. This is a main different thing between male and female God of Rice.
The differences are appeared specially on the point of space which Rice Goddess stay and shift cyclically. Mainly Goddess move from earth and underground while God of Rice, Sanbai, shift from mountain, the holy space, to Earth. This difference is related to the symbol of Goddess and God. The former's life symbolize the growing and death of rice, whereas the later's male God symbolize the God of Heaven who has a great magic power and govern people including grains.
Specially the moving space of Rice Goddess is restrictive from earth to underground. This has two reasons exclude a symbol of grain cycling. The one is related with woman's mense and moon. The last day of moon considered death. So ancient people thought women have to travel underground and by this passage they can revive. The other reason is that According to Theravada Buddhist cosmology, Earth God and Rice Goddess exist in the Earthly world. Rice Goddess is intermediate between human and Buddha. This is the reason Goddess can move between lower heaven and underground.
The functions of male and female God of Rice were diverged according to the rice farming culture and social system were changed. Sometimes these functions were got a divergence and degeneration. In the case of divergence, people prays the Rice deity a good harvest, as well as wealth, health, and babies, social success. In many places of east Asia, For example, Maeposop, the rice Goddess of Thailand, expand her function from rice governor to social and culture governor. Dewi Sri was the Goddess of abundance in India But In Java and Bali, she became a Rice Goddess maintaining her original Character and Functions.
The Goddess(or God) playa Liminal zone which can change negative things to positive. Otherwise, in degeneration case, the function of Goddess was deprived by male God little by little. This phenomenon was occurred when the matriarchal society was changed to the patriarchal that. People want to get more power, to become rice and wealthy man through the competition instead of harmony. The myth of Rice Goddess explain us the importance of Freedom and harmony, and indicate the benefits of Earth and women.
From the prehistoric periods, there was a Great Mother who was creator of universe by herself. And later, Earth Mother appeared as a spouse of heaven God. And later again, there was Goddess related agriculture. Rice Goddess is specific beings regarded with rice planting culture. In Korea, The woman Wung-Nyeo in the myth of Dan-Goon is a Earth Mother in contrast that Yu-Hwa is Grain Mother in the myth of Zu-Mong
There are three major types of Rice Deity. The first type is a Souls(spirits) of Rice. This case is based on the Animism, prevailing mostly in the South of China and North of Southeast Asia. People worship the souls of Rice and ask for the well harvest by calling them through rites. Representative sample is a myth of 〈Calling the soul of rice〉 in Zhuimg people who live in southern area of China.
The Second type is Goddess of Rice as virgin mostly. She has a cycling of death and revival every year according the cycle of grain. This type has two subtypes; the one is that high level maiden chose she's death by herself to overcome the social crisis, the other is that woman was killed by people for several reasons. But two subtypes have common similitude in the point of death and revival as a human being and Goddess each other. Specially second subtype is called 'corpse rebirth'. Because maiden, as a main character in the myth, was killed and buried in the earth and many grains including rice were grown from her corpse. The social meanings of these types are 1) high class woman was killed when sacrifice was needed for getting over the social crisis and by this ritual, high class has a reasonable reason why they can rule the people, 2) women was suffered by men in the patriarch society. Goddess Dewi Sri, Nyi Pohachi in Indonesia, Maeposop in Thailand are the most famous Goddess of Rice in Southeast Asia in this case.
The third type is a male paddy God. His name is Sanbai, especially in the Jukoku province of Japan. He is the son of Heaven. And hc is also considered as a God of Mountain. When the rice farming is begun in the spring, The Sanbai descent from mountain to paddy as Rice God to guard rice. After harvest was done in fall, He goes back to the mountain again. So he get come and go back periodically. This is a main different thing between male and female God of Rice.
The differences are appeared specially on the point of space which Rice Goddess stay and shift cyclically. Mainly Goddess move from earth and underground while God of Rice, Sanbai, shift from mountain, the holy space, to Earth. This difference is related to the symbol of Goddess and God. The former's life symbolize the growing and death of rice, whereas the later's male God symbolize the God of Heaven who has a great magic power and govern people including grains.
Specially the moving space of Rice Goddess is restrictive from earth to underground. This has two reasons exclude a symbol of grain cycling. The one is related with woman's mense and moon. The last day of moon considered death. So ancient people thought women have to travel underground and by this passage they can revive. The other reason is that According to Theravada Buddhist cosmology, Earth God and Rice Goddess exist in the Earthly world. Rice Goddess is intermediate between human and Buddha. This is the reason Goddess can move between lower heaven and underground.
The functions of male and female God of Rice were diverged according to the rice farming culture and social system were changed. Sometimes these functions were got a divergence and degeneration. In the case of divergence, people prays the Rice deity a good harvest, as well as wealth, health, and babies, social success. In many places of east Asia, For example, Maeposop, the rice Goddess of Thailand, expand her function from rice governor to social and culture governor. Dewi Sri was the Goddess of abundance in India But In Java and Bali, she became a Rice Goddess maintaining her original Character and Functions.
The Goddess(or God) playa Liminal zone which can change negative things to positive. Otherwise, in degeneration case, the function of Goddess was deprived by male God little by little. This phenomenon was occurred when the matriarchal society was changed to the patriarchal that. People want to get more power, to become rice and wealthy man through the competition instead of harmony. The myth of Rice Goddess explain us the importance of Freedom and harmony, and indicate the benefits of Earth and women.
목차
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 곡신의 위상
Ⅲ. 곡신의 유형과 신격
Ⅳ. 곡신의 공간 이동 구도와 직능 변화
Ⅴ. 결론
참고문헌
Abstract
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