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For the last 60 years the history of the Korean-American relations showed us several conspicuous peculiarities. Those are very unique and peculiar. "Alliance with substantial tension" was the most striking uniqueness.
Basically these two countries are very close allied ones. But also sometimes their relations are under the serious tension or conflict. How to interpret this kind of combination of the two contradictory factors?
Viewing from American side, there have been two kinds of boundaries toward South Korea: upper and lower one. Upper one was given in order to prevent the radical transformation including a communist revolution. No one political challenge in South Korea could go beyond this boundary. Lower one was set to check the rise and persistence of rightist fascism. America has tried to limit the operational maneuverability of South Korea within these two boundaries. Then she has played a role of not only guaranteeing the authoritarian rule, but also supporting the democratic elements and movements. All of the uthoritarian regime could not establish without American approval, and receive huge amount of economic assistance. Then America has had relations of conflict both with the radical group and the authoritarian regime.
Basically the establishment of South Korea was an offspring of American direct occupation from 1945 to 1948. But ironically, right after the state founding, leaderships of South Korea did not stop raising different voices with America, in defense, economy, budget, human rights, democracy, and North Korea policy areas etc. This kind of behavior could be called as a delicate combination between adjustment and resistance, or loyalty and voice of Korea. Both Syngman Rhee and Park Chung-hee of conservative sides, and Kim Dae-jung, Roh Moo-hyun, and liberal forces of democratic sides raised respectively their own voices, and tried to maximize them.
There are several reasons of continuing this unique relations; the regional location of the Korean peninsula as a bridge country of North East Asia, very long experience of surviving under the Chinese world order of Korea, South Korea's outpost role in the confrontation between socialist bloc and capitalist one during the cold war period, North East Asian exceptionalism of no having the multilateral security organizations just in this area, but continuing a hub-and-spoke bilateral relations between the USA and all the East countries, North Korea's existence and threat, and domestic equilibrium between the conservative groups and progressive ones etc.
Resisting against or enjoying the American boundaries, South Korea rapidly developed from a small country to middle one, from security state to developmental state, from developmental one to democratic one. But after the transition to democracy in 1987, only in the issue of handling North Korea, American boundary remains. All other matters remain no longer under the American boundaries, then the relations between the two countries were changed into a normal one.
Basically these two countries are very close allied ones. But also sometimes their relations are under the serious tension or conflict. How to interpret this kind of combination of the two contradictory factors?
Viewing from American side, there have been two kinds of boundaries toward South Korea: upper and lower one. Upper one was given in order to prevent the radical transformation including a communist revolution. No one political challenge in South Korea could go beyond this boundary. Lower one was set to check the rise and persistence of rightist fascism. America has tried to limit the operational maneuverability of South Korea within these two boundaries. Then she has played a role of not only guaranteeing the authoritarian rule, but also supporting the democratic elements and movements. All of the uthoritarian regime could not establish without American approval, and receive huge amount of economic assistance. Then America has had relations of conflict both with the radical group and the authoritarian regime.
Basically the establishment of South Korea was an offspring of American direct occupation from 1945 to 1948. But ironically, right after the state founding, leaderships of South Korea did not stop raising different voices with America, in defense, economy, budget, human rights, democracy, and North Korea policy areas etc. This kind of behavior could be called as a delicate combination between adjustment and resistance, or loyalty and voice of Korea. Both Syngman Rhee and Park Chung-hee of conservative sides, and Kim Dae-jung, Roh Moo-hyun, and liberal forces of democratic sides raised respectively their own voices, and tried to maximize them.
There are several reasons of continuing this unique relations; the regional location of the Korean peninsula as a bridge country of North East Asia, very long experience of surviving under the Chinese world order of Korea, South Korea's outpost role in the confrontation between socialist bloc and capitalist one during the cold war period, North East Asian exceptionalism of no having the multilateral security organizations just in this area, but continuing a hub-and-spoke bilateral relations between the USA and all the East countries, North Korea's existence and threat, and domestic equilibrium between the conservative groups and progressive ones etc.
Resisting against or enjoying the American boundaries, South Korea rapidly developed from a small country to middle one, from security state to developmental state, from developmental one to democratic one. But after the transition to democracy in 1987, only in the issue of handling North Korea, American boundary remains. All other matters remain no longer under the American boundaries, then the relations between the two countries were changed into a normal one.
목차
1. 문제의 제기
2. 전체에의 관견과 조망
3. ‘미국의 범위’와 한미관계의 동학 Ⅰ : 개념과 서술
4. 미국의 범위와 한미관계의 동학 Ⅱ : 동학과 분석
5. 순응과 도전, 접근과 저항: 결합과 지속요인
6. 이명박 정부 한미관계의 함의와 전망 : ‘미국의 범위’와 한국의 운신폭
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