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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국사연구회 한국사연구 韓國史硏究 제128호
발행연도
2005.3
수록면
31 - 69 (39page)

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This paper attempts to analyze the characteristics of the kaksa management system (各司, the Capital Bureaus of the Six Ministries) in place during the early period of Kory? by focusing on the process in which these bureaus responsible for administrative affairs were established as well as the changes they underwent over time. The kaksa were established alongside the three s?ng (Sangs?s?ng -Department of State Affairs-, Chungs?s?ng -Secretariat-, and Munhas?ng-Chancellery) and six pu (ministries) system put in place during the reign of King S?ngjong. At their inception during the reign of King S?ngjong the kaksa consisted of administrative bureaus that were known as s?ng(省), sa(寺), kam(監), s?(署), and kuk(局) that were based on government institutions in place during the Tang dynasty. Moreover, some institutions of the Song dynasty, namely the Chungch'uw?n(中樞院, Royal Secretariat) and samsa(三司, Financial Commission), were also incorporated into the kaksa system. While s? bureaus were not implemented with any conviction, sa, kam, and kuk bureaus were actively established during the reign of King S?ngjong,
The kaksa were based on the same kind of central bureau (chusa, 主司) and sub-bureau (soksa, 屬司) administrative system found in the Six Ministries. As such, the s?ng, sa, and kam bureaus were classified as chusa, while the s? and kuk bureaus were classified as soksa. While the chusa oversaw and inspected the activities of the soksa, the latter were the ones which actually carried out administrative matters. The function of the kaksa was to implement the orders of the Six Ministries and to carry out administrative affairs. However, as only a few s? bureaus were established during the reign of King S?ngjong, the kaksa were unable to function as well as the administrative system of the Six Ministries, whose soksa system had already been set up by this point.
The kaksa system, which was established during the reign of King S?ngjong, underwent alterations during the reign of King Hy?njong following the abolishment of the Six Ministries’ soksa system. As the tasks of the soksa within the Six Ministries were transferred to the kaksa, the amount of matters which the latter had to handle greatly increased. In order to be able to process these tasks, many new s? bureaus were established. In addition, the abolishment of the soksa within the Six Ministries meant that the latter could no longer inspect and control the kaksa. As a result, the exact duties which the various organizations had to carry out became unclear. As the existing administrative organizations were ill-equipped to carry out the new tasks which emerged, a special government office, the Chesadokamgaksaek (諸司都監各色), was set up to deal with such new tasks.
Furthermore, the kaksa management system underwent another change when the chusa and soksa systems were abolished. As such, the s?ng, sa, and kam bureaus were unable to control the s? and kuk bureaus anymore, and these subsequently became administratively independent. In addition, as the Six Ministries could no longer control the kaksa, each kaksa became operated as an independent administrative organization that reported directly to the king and received his orders. This kind of practice was extended to include all government bureaus and offices. As the konghaej?nsi (公?田柴, specified lands on which local government taxes could be collected) began to be collected at the local level, and the tribute tax could be directly collected from the public by these organizations, the kaksa were able to became more independent in terms of their financial management. The advent of this independent administrative system and of their ability to manage their own finances during the reign of King Hy?njong meant that the kaksa came to be operated as independent structures in whose affairs no administrative organization could intervene.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 成宗代 各司의 정비와 主ㆍ屬司체제
Ⅲ. 顯宗代 6部 屬司의 폐지와 各司의 增置
Ⅳ. 各司의 구조 변화와 독립적 행정운영
Ⅴ. 맺음말
〈ABSTRACT〉

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