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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국노인복지학회 International Journal of Gerontological Social Welfare International Journal of Gerontological Social Welfare Vol. 8
발행연도
2003.6
수록면
95 - 110 (16page)

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Many studies showed that aerobic exercise improve cognitive-neuropsycho-logical functioning. Also, the mechanisms were as follows; Cerebrovascular insufficiently declined with age can reduced or reversed by increasing aerobic capacity and cardiac output through increase stroke volume and oxygen extraction. Another mechanism was cardiovasucular exercise can increase the number of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, and norepinephrine, and endorphins, lastly. Animal study showed evidencd of the possibility of permanent structural changes in the brain. Cross-sectional investigations suggest that exercise by human effects structural and chemical changes within the CNS, the practice of vigorous exercise, compared to a more sedentary lifestyle, was found to be associated with better performance on cognitive tasks that require effortful rather than automatic processing. Longitudinal studies with humans, however, have not yielded strong evidence of positive relationship between endurance training and improvements in CNS functioning In the Dustman s review study showed that four of the 12 studies reported that physical fitness training had beneficical effect on response times or on efficiency of cognitive processing. However, on exercise and neurocognitive relationships were found in five investigations. and the results from three other studies reported only weak or limited support for such a relationship. There are some important factors has to be considered or adopt in the study. First of all, to more validly investigate beneficial effects on cognitive functioning adopting aerobic exercise intervention, training protocals may need to be extended for much longer than those employed in past studies, perhaps fro 2 or 3 years more Second, we have to consider the age factors which individuals begin a aerobic exercise intervention for example. ff aerobic exercise contribute central nervous system, an exercise training program began at age 70 might be expected to effect substantially smaller changes in CNS functioning than a self-initiated program that began at a considerably younger age, when the brain a greater capacity for change, and was continued until age 70. Third, studies comparing to different types of cardiovasucular exercise, such as non competitive aerobic exercise us. competitive aerobic exercise has to be investigated to see the differences. Competitive exercise(such as soccer, racket ball, or bandminton) requires more congitive functioning to react the other players play.

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