이 연구는 신임순경의 입직동기와 기대사회화의 관계를 탐색하기 위해 2010년 3월 10일부터 12일까지 중앙경찰학교의 신임순경 교육과정 교육생 928명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 신임순경의 입직동기는 사회공헌 및 자아성취, 경찰에 대한 동경, 주변인의 영향, 직업적 매력성 등 4개의 유형으로 구분되었으며, 그중에서도 사회공헌과 자아성취가 가장 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 기대사회화는 준법의식(청렴성), 희생정신(정의감), 법집행의 공정성, 탈권위주의(친절성) 등 4개의 유형으로 구분되었고, 준법의식(청렴성)이 가장 중요한 요인으로 나타났다.
자료의 사회공헌 및 자아성취가 높을수록 준법의식(청렴성), 희생정신(정의감), 법집행의 공정성이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 직업적 매력성이 클수록 준법의식(청렴성), 탈권위주의(친절성), 희생정신(정의감)은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 경찰에 대한 동경이 큰 사람일수록 준법의식(청렴성)과 법집행의 공정성은 낮았으나 희생정신(정의감)은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인구사회학적 변수로서 연령과 퇴직시 예상계급이 높을수록 탈권위주의(친절성)가 높은 것으로 나타났고, 연령이 높을수록, 학력이 낮을수록 희생정신(정의감)이 높은 것으로 나타났다.
이상의 연구결과를 종합하면 입직동기 가운데 내재적인 동기가 강할수록 경찰관으로 가져야 할 태도인 준법의식이나 희생정신, 공정성 등은 높게 나타난다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 주변인의 영향과 같은 외재적 동기인 경우 기대사회화에는 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다.
This study focused on following objectives: First, it aimed to identify the reasons for choosing a career in policing. Second, in attempted to identify the kinds of anticipatory socialization of police cadets. Lastly, it attempted to investigate the relations of the reasons for choosing careers as police officers and anticipatory socialization.
For this empirical research, questionnaire survey was administered. A total of 956 questionnaires were distributed to those who were currently trained at the Line Officer Course of the Central Police Academy. Of these, 928 were used for data analyses. To investigate the reasons for choosing a career of police officer and anticipatory socialization of police cadets, exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation was used. Then, multiple regression analysis were employed to see the most influencing factors on overall anticipatory socialization.
As a result of factor analysis, each four factors of dependent-independent variables were identified. The reasons for applying to police organization was “social responsibility & self-achievement”, “yearns for the police”, “affects of marginal person”, and “occupational fascination”. And anticipatory socialization was “law abiding spirit(integrity)”, “spirit of sacrifice(sense of justice)”, “fairness of law enforcement”, and “ex-authoritarianism(kindliness)”.
With regard to “integrity”, it was significantly influenced by three motivation factors such as “social responsibility & self-achievement(+)”, “yearns for the police(-)”, and “occupational fascination(-)”. And “kindliness” was significantly influenced by “occupational fascination(-)”, age(+) and expected rank when retired(+). Meanwhile, “sense of justice” was influenced by “social responsibility & self-achievement(+)”, “yearns for the police(+)”, “occupational fascination(-)” and age, academic records. Finally, “fairness of law enforcement” was significantly influenced by “social responsibility & self-achievement(+)” and “yearns for the police(-)”.
In sum, social responsibility & self-achievement(intrinsic motivation) was identified as important factors to increase anticipatory socialization of police cadets. And affects of marginal person did not influence to anticipatory socialization.