‘발레’라는용어가우리나라에처음등장한것은1914년3월14일자매일신보에서안나파블로바에대한기사가소개되
면서부터이며, 이후광복이전까지러시아나일본무용수들의무대를수차례에걸쳐올리면서이미나름대로의영역을구
축해나가고있었다. 그러나이처럼우리나라에유입된발레는그계보상원래의발상지인서구발레가아니라러시아발레
의 성격을 띠고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 이는 일본의 초기발레가 엘레나 파블로바를 비롯한 러시아 황실극장 출신들에 의해
토대가구축되었고우리나라발레의선구자들대부분이일본유학을통하여그제자들로부터영향을받았기때문이다. 한
동인, 정지수, 임성남등이모두마찬가지이다. 이중에서도특히30여년동안국립발레단단장을역임하면서무용수이자
안무가로서뿐만아니라교육자로서의역할까지수행해낸임성남의활동은그자체가한국근대발레의전신이라해도지
나치지 않을 정도로 그 영향력이 아주 컸다.
하지만안타깝게도이제까지그에대한연구는작품활동의연대기적서술에의존해온것이대부분이다. 따라서본연구
에서는그의전체적인작품활동을단순한사적흐름에국한하지않고10년단위로장르의유형(클래식발레, 창작발레, 한
국창작발레)은물론이요형태(극무용, 소품), 안무및재구성현황, 출연여부등에따른세부적인분석을시도하였다. 그리
고마지막으로는재공연된클래식발레의작품분포도까지살펴보았다. 이러한연구는임성남이어떠한창작과정과활동을
거쳐한국근대발레의발전을이루어왔으며한국창작발레라는우리고유의영역을완성시킬수있었는지에대한답을유
추해 보고자 함이었다. 그리고 그 결과 얻어진 결론을 정리해 보면 다음과 같다.
1. 초기발레의근대사적흐름은창작발레에치중하다가점차로클래식발레, 한국창작발레의순으로그비율을확장시
키고 있다.
2. 절대적으로소품에의존하던것이1980년대를기점으로무용극형태로의변화를보이고있다. 특히, 한국창작발레의
경우는 이 시기부터 모두 무용극의 형태를 띠었다.
3. 기존 작품을 재구성하던 경향이 1980년대 들어서부터는 완전히 소멸되면서 직접 안무하는 작품으로 대체되었다.
4. 재공연 된 클래식발레는 백조의호수(16회), 호두까기 인형(14회), 공기의 정(7회), 지젤(5 회), 장미의 정(4회) 등의
순으로 나타났다.
5. 외국적인 것과 한국적인 제목과 소재를 폭넓게 수용함으로써 다양한 춤의 이미지 변용을 꾀하였다.
이와같은결과에는당시의사회, 문화적요인이크게작용한것으로짐작되지만아직까지명확하게제시된논거는없
다. 하지만 향후 이러한 원인과 배경에 대한 세밀한 연구와 검토는 필히 이루어져야 할 것이며 이를 통하여 민족의식과
자긍심의고취는물론이요발레의대중화와예술적가치관을확립할수있으리라는전제하에다음과같은제언을하고자
한다.
1. 클래식발레와창작발레, 창작발레와한국창작발레등에대한학문적분류체계가이루어있지않음으로인해자료의
소멸과학문적깊이가심화되지못하고있다. 따라서이에대한우리무용계의대처방안이시급히이루어져야할것
이다.
2. 임성남작품활동에대한분석은단순히숫자적인결과의개념이아니라서구발레에대한일반대중들의인식전환과
춤 언어 전달의 가치성이라는 측면에서 재조명되어야 할 것이다.
3. 무용가, 안무가, 교육자, 연출가등에대한총체적연구의부재로말미암아현재의한국발레전통성확립에많은문제점이드러나고있다. 따라서향후의연구는작품에서드러나고있는동양적인식과민족성의표출방식등을통하
여 독특한 가치와 특성을 밝히는 데 주력하여야 할 것이다.
4. 한국무용의 전통과 특성을 발레에 적극적으로 접목함으로써 보다 독창적인 민족발레의 활성화라는 미래적 전망을
도출해 내야 할 것이다.
The term of ‘Ballet’ was introduced firstly on the article about Anna Pavlova of Daehan Daily Newspaper as dated of March
14th, 1914 and it already had constructed its own territory by that the stage of Russian or Japanese dancer had been performed
in several times until before independence since that. But, the ballet introduced into Korea has taken on not the character of
western ballet which is the original cradle of ballet but one of Russian ballet according to the genealogy of ballet. Because the
foundation of early Japanese ballet was constructed by the dancers from Russian Imperial Theater as well as Elena Pavlova and
almost pioneers of Korean Ballet were effected by the disciples of Russian dancers through the study in Japan .Han, Dong-In,
Cheong, Ji-Soo and Lim, Seong-Nam are all the same. Especially, the activities of Lim, Seong-Nam who has served as a ballet
dancer, a choreographer and an educator as well as the head of Korea National Ballet for more than 30 years had great deal of
influence on Korean modern ballet as much as it is not too much to say that he was the predecessor of Korean modern ballet
as he is.
Until now, but, the study for him mostly depends on the chronicle description of his works. Accordingly, this research tried
to analyze in detail his whole works according to a style(dramatic dance, stage properties), dance composition, the current status
for recomposition and his appearance or non-appearance on the stage as well as the type of a genre(classic ballet, creative ballet,
Korean creative ballet) as the unit of 10 years without limitation of simple historical flow. And finally, this research watched for
the distribution status for works of classic ballet which were performed again. The purpose of this research was to analogize the
answer that Lim, Seong-Nam had accomplished the development of Korean modern ballet and could have completed native
territory of Korean Creative Ballet with what creative procedure and activity. And the conclusion of research may be summarized
as followings.
1. Firstly, he set importance on creative ballet and then gradually he had expanded the distribution ratio of his works in the
order of classic ballet and then Korean creative ballet.
2. Absolutely, his working style depended on stage properties. But it had changed to a dramatic dance since 1980’s.
3. His working tendency to recompose the existing works has been disappeared completely and it has been replaced as the
direct design of a dance since 1908's
4. Early, he appeared on almost his works himself, but his appearance had been reduced gradually since 1970’s.
5. The classic ballets which were performed again by him showed in the order of Swan Lake(16times), The Nutcracker
Suite(14times), La Sylphide(7times), Giselle (5times) and La Spectredela Rose(4times).
I guess that the social and cultural factor of those days acted on these results, but there is no anything which is suggested
certainly yet. But, these causes and background shall be studied and examined surely and closely in the future, and we could
establish popularization and artistic values of ballet as well as arouse national consciousness and pride through the detail study and
examination.
1. The classification system for classic ballet & creative ballet and creative ballet & Korean creative ballet is not accomplished.
So, the extinction of information & data and the academic depth cannot be deepened. Accordingly, the counterplan of
Korean dance circles for the classification system should be made urgently.
2. The analysis for Lim's working activities should be reviewed in the sides of not the concept of simply numerical results but
the conversion of recognition of the general public for western ballet and the value for communication of dance language.
3. Currently, Korean ballet has lots of problems to establish the tradition due to the absence of general researches for a dancing
master, a choreographer, an educator and a producer. So, the future research should concentrate on discovering the unique
value and features through the Oriental recognition and the method to express racial characteristics shown in the works of
dance.
4. The future research should draw the coming prospect for the activation of more unique racial ballet by applying aggressively
the tradition and the features of Korean Dance to a ballet.