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To determine whether the PPARα agonist fenofi-brate regulates obesity and lipid metabolism with sexual dimorphism, we examined the efects of (WAT) mas, circulating lipids, and the expresion of PPARα target genes in both sexes of high fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Both sexes of mice fed a high-fat diet for 14 weks exhibited increases in body weight, visceral WAT mas, as wel as serum triglycerides and cholesterol, although these ef-fects were more pronounced among males. Feed-ing a high fat diet suplemented with fenofibrate (0.05% w/w) reduced al of these effects signifi-cantly in males except serum cholesterol level. Fe-males on a fenofibrate-enriched high fat diet had ler extent compared to males, but did not exhibit decreases in body weight, WAT mas, and serum cholesterol. Fenofibrate treatment resulted in he-patic induction of PPARα target genes encoding enzymes for faty acid β-oxidation, the magnitudes of which were much higher in males compared to females, as evidenced by results for acyl-CoA oxidase, a first enzyme of the β-oxidation system. These results suggest that observed sexually di-morphic effects on body weight, WAT mass and related elements in the diferential activation of PPARα.

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