Phototransduction and Visual Cycle in the Ascidian Tadpole Larva

Kusakabe, Takehiro; Nakashima, Yuki; Kusakabe, Rie; Horie, Takeo; Kawakami, Isao; Yoshida, Reiko; Inada, Kyoko; Nakagawa, Masashi; Tsuda, Motoyuki

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자료유형: 학술저널

저자정보: Kusakabe, Takehiro (Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology) Nakashima, Yuki (Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology) Kusakabe, Rie (Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology) Horie, Takeo (Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology) Kawakami, Isao (Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology) Yoshida, Reiko (Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology) Inada, Kyoko (Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology) Nakagawa, Masashi (Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology) Tsuda, Motoyuki (Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology)

저널정보: 한국광과학회 Journal of photoscience : an international journal officail organ of the korean society of photoscience Journal of photoscience : an international journal officail organ of the korean society of photoscience 제9권 제2호

발행연도: 2002.1

수록면: 37 - 40 (4page)

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Ascidians are lower chordates, and their tadpole-like larvae share a basic body plan with vertebrates. To study photoreceptive systems in ascidians, we have isolated and characterized cDNA clones for three opsins, five G protein ${\alpha}$ subunits (G${\alpha}$), catalytic and regulatory subunits of cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE), and arrestin from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis tadpole larva. Ci-opsin1 and Ci-opsin2 are vertebrate-type opsins, while Ci-opsin3 is a retinal photoisomerase similar to retinochrome and mammalian RGR. Both Ci-opsin1 and arrestin are specifically localized in the photoreceptor cells of the ocellus, whereas Ci -opsin2 is not expressed in the photoreceptors, but is co-localized in another population of neurons in the brain with PDE (Ci-PDE9 and Ci-PDE$\delta$). Ci-opsin3 is present in the entire region of the brain. Though five different cDNAs encoding Ga have been cloned, no transducin-type G protein has been found yet. Interestingly, one of G${\alpha}$i isoform is conspicuously expressed in the entire region of the brain. The Ci-opsin3 gene expression was observed in a broad area of the brain vesicle as well as in the visceral ganglion. Genes encoding ascidian homologs of CRALBP and ${\beta}$-CD, whose function is required for the mammalian visual cycle, are co-expressed with Ci-opsin3 in the brain vesicle and visceral ganglion. Localization of Ci-opsin3, CRALBP, and ${\beta}$-CD in a broad area of the brain suggests that the brain of the ascidian larva has a visual cycle system similar to that of the vertebrate RPE. Based on these data, we discuss the evolution of vertebrate visual systems.

#ascidian #ocellus #phototransduction #visual cycle #opsin #G protein #arrestin #cGMP phosphodiesterase

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