본고에서는 일제강점기 전남 구례군 토지면 오미동에 세거하였던 구례 문화 유씨 집안의 일기인 『시언』과 『기어』를 통해 농촌지식인의 질병과 치료를 분석하였다. 『시언』(1851~1922)은 할아버지 유제양이 『기어』(1898~1936)는 손자 유형업이 쓴 일기로 898년부터 922년까지는 할아버지와 손자가 각자의 시선으로 동 시간을 기록하고 있어 의미가 크다. 이들 일기 속에는 유씨 집안사람들의 교육, 독서, 관혼상제, 농업경영, 식민정책, 질병과 치료, 전염병 등 다양한 내용이 포함되어 있다. 질병은 유씨 집안사람들의 가장 큰 문제이자 두려움의 대상이었다. 일제강점기 농촌지역이었던 구례군에서는 한의학을 담당하던 한약국이 지역 의료의 큰 부분을 담당하고 있었다. 할아버지 유제양이 앓았던 질병은 가려움증, 설사, 치통, 이질, 인후증, 체기, 머리종기, 담, 이 빠짐, 감기, 복통 등이었다. 손자 유형업은 감기, 가려움증, 체증, 과낭증, 눈병, 옴, 수종 등을 앓았다. 유씨 집안에서는 질병에 한의학치료, 민간치료, 미신치료, 병원치료 등을 하였다. 이 가운데 한의학치료를 가장 많이 했지만 외과수술, 이비인후과 치료를 위해서는 순천 승평의원이나 서울의 제중원을 이용하였다. 일제강점기 구례군에는 콜레라, 독감, 홍역, 천연두 등의 전염병이 발생했다. 콜레라가 한말부터 구례군을 휩쓸었고, 그의 집안도 피해가 컸다. 일제 강점 후 조선총독부에서는 검역, 소독, 피병소 등을 운영하면서 전염병을 차단시키려고 했지만 쉽지 않았다. 그리고 구례군은 섬진강 인근 지역으로 지방병인 폐디스토마가 조선에서 가장 많은 지역 가운데 하나였다.
Japanese imperialism began to control Koreans while emphasizing hygiene and cleanliness, and to establish a modern medical system centered on cities. Modern medical institutions were not established in Gurye-gun, Jeollanam-do until the 1930s, so most Koreans relied on private and oriental medical treatment. “Sion” and “Gear” are Korean words. This is the daily diary of the Gurye Munhwa Yoo clan, who lived in Omi-dong, Toji-myeon, Gurye-gun, Jeollanam-do during Japanese colonial era. Sion (1851~1922) and his grandfather Yu Je-yang’s “Gear” (1898~1922) are the diaries of his grandson Hyung-up. In particular, from 1898 to 1982, grandfathers and grandchildren recorded the same time with their own eyes, which is significant. In Sion and Gear, there are abundant contents on education, ceremonial marriage, reading, agricultural management, colonial policy, disease and treatment, and infectious diseases of the Yu family. Due to the nature of the Gurye-gun area, which lacked modern medical systems, it was not easy to respond to diseases in these diaries. Ms. Yu Je-yang was in great pain in the spring and autumn cleanliness test required by Japan. On behalf of his father, who passed away early, Yu Hyung-up took care of his grandfather and set up a family. Yu Hyung-up always reacted sensitively to the physical condition of his grandfather Yu Je-yang. Yu je-yang suffered from diseases such as itching, diarrhea, toothache, dysentery, sore throat, body aches, head abscess, bile duct, tooth loss, cold, and abdominal pain. Yu Je-yang mainly used oriental medicine and private treatment for her disease. The grandson Hyung-up suffered from more diseases than his grandfather Yu Je-yang. He suffered from colds, itching, congestion, hypercystics, eye diseases, omnes, and tree species. The tangible industry uses a considerable amount of money to inquire about, diagnose, and take medicine at a pharmacy near Gurye-gun. Meanwhile, Hyung-up also carefully recorded his mother, wife, son, daughter, grandson, and daughter-in-law. Most of the diseases they suffered at the time were infectious diseases, abscesses, and foot lance, and they chose oriental medicine and folk remedies. However, Hyung-up’s son Jeung-gyo performed surgery at Seungpyeong Clinic in Suncheon, and his relatives used a modern medical system for some diseases, such as visiting Jejungwon in Seoul for dental treatment.