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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
Ivan M Lang (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA)
저널정보
대한소화관운동학회(현 대한소화기능성질환.운동학회) Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM) Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM) Vol.29 No.1
발행연도
2023.1
수록면
20 - 30 (11page)
DOI
10.5056/jnm22105

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Emesis is composed of 3 independent digestive tract correlates that are individually organized by a brainstem neural network and all 3 hierarchically organized by a central pattern generator. The central pattern generator may be in the Bötzinger nucleus of the brain stem. The digestive tract sensory mechanisms that activate vomiting are the digestive tract mucosa or chemoreceptive trigger zone of the area postrema. Regardless of the initial stimulus, the area postrema may be activated in order to inhibit orthograde digestive tract motility and reflux blocking reflexes that would interfere with anterograde movement, which is the basic purpose of vomiting. The digestive tract correlates are (1) relaxation of the upper stomach and contraction of the lower pharynx, (2) retrograde giant contraction, and (3) the pharyngo-esophageal responses during retching and vomitus expulsion. The proximal gastric response allows gastroesophageal reflux, the lower pharyngeal response prevents supra-esophageal reflux, and both last the duration of the vomit process. The retrograde giant contraction empties the proximal digestive tract of noxious agents and supplies the stomach with fluids to neutralize the gastric acid which protect the esophagus from damage during expulsion. The retch mixes the gastric contents with acid neutralizer and gives momentum to the expelled bolus. During vomitus expulsion the esophagus is maximally stretched longitudinally which stiffens its wall to allow rapid transport as the suprahyoid muscles and diaphragmatic dome contract, and the hiatal fibers relax.

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