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This paper studies the migrations in the Shang and Western Zhou periods with regard to their state formations. The expansion of Shang during the Erligang period reached broadly, as many early Shang sites such as Laoniupo, Panlongcheng, and Daxinzhuang indicate the migrations of Shang people to the areas. According to Liu Li and Xingcan Chen, this early development aimed to secure the natural resources such as bronze and salts. However, the early expansion of Shang quitted its way in the late period, restricting the expansion only to the Shandong region.
Whereas we have only the archaeological evidence for studying the migrations in the Shang period, those of the Western Zhou can get better help from inscriptional sources plus abundant archaeological sites of the Zhou feudal states. The sources clearly show that a large number of people, both the Zhou and the conquered Shang, were sent to various new regions to the east when Zhou kings enfeoffed their feudal states in the early Western Zhou period.
As in the case of Shang, the early expansion of the Zhou lost its momentum from the mid-Western Zhou period. However, unlike the Shang which yielded its initiatives to the indigenous powers from the late period, the Zhou maintained its expansion quite tightly through the migrated feudal states. In this regard, migrations played crucial roles in the formation of the more systematic Western Zhou state.
Meanwhile, the Eastward Migration at the fall of the Western Zhou in 771 marked the most significant moment in early Chinese history for the population movement. It is interesting to note that even at the end of the Western Zhou many influential families or polities such as Guo and Zheng already tried to find their bases in the east. There must have been no other way for the collapsed Zhou royal court but finding their haven to the east.
However, it is paradoxical to know that the eastward evacuation of Zhou eventually made possible the east-west amalgamation, contributing to the formation of the so-called "half China."
Whereas we have only the archaeological evidence for studying the migrations in the Shang period, those of the Western Zhou can get better help from inscriptional sources plus abundant archaeological sites of the Zhou feudal states. The sources clearly show that a large number of people, both the Zhou and the conquered Shang, were sent to various new regions to the east when Zhou kings enfeoffed their feudal states in the early Western Zhou period.
As in the case of Shang, the early expansion of the Zhou lost its momentum from the mid-Western Zhou period. However, unlike the Shang which yielded its initiatives to the indigenous powers from the late period, the Zhou maintained its expansion quite tightly through the migrated feudal states. In this regard, migrations played crucial roles in the formation of the more systematic Western Zhou state.
Meanwhile, the Eastward Migration at the fall of the Western Zhou in 771 marked the most significant moment in early Chinese history for the population movement. It is interesting to note that even at the end of the Western Zhou many influential families or polities such as Guo and Zheng already tried to find their bases in the east. There must have been no other way for the collapsed Zhou royal court but finding their haven to the east.
However, it is paradoxical to know that the eastward evacuation of Zhou eventually made possible the east-west amalgamation, contributing to the formation of the so-called "half China."
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 상주시대 인구 측정 문제
Ⅲ. 고고학 자료에 반영된 상대의 이민과 국가
Ⅳ. 기록으로 나타나는 서주의 이민과 국가
Ⅴ. 맺음말
〈Abstract〉
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