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With emphasis on a series of confrontations between king and court, this article looks at the debate on foreign policy late in the reign of King Kwanghae (r. 1608-1623) and provides a new interpretation by examining a variety of issues, such as sending a written reply to the Later Jin, treating Mao Wenlong (1576-1629) and the Chinese refugees in Korea, supplying troops and provisions on Ming demand, and presenting royal titles of honor. The king wanted to save the situation by rejecting the Ming demand and by communicating directly with the Later Jin, while his court officials were very eager to cut off ties with the Later Jin and line up more closely with the Ming. These two different attitudes could not be compatible with each other theoretically and practically because any friendly approaches to the Later Jin would inevitably undermine the existing relationship with the Ming: the Korean leadership had regarded the Ming as the ritual father as well as the suzerain and had secured their position under the Ming order for over 200 years.
The debate, therefore, was not merely on the matter of diplomacy but a matter of national identity, the very raison d'etre of the Chos?n dynasty in the sinocentric East Asian world order. For this reason, the watch-and-wait or so-called neutrality between the Ming, the father, and the Later Jin, a 'barbaric' rebel, was theoretically impossible from the start, This was also the very reason why court officials called the argument for an anti-Jin policy right or orthodox. The dramatic denouement of the debate-the dethronement of the king, who had always received investiture from the Ming emperor before but went so far as to even label the anti-Jin policy as perverse-was enough to foreshadow the direction in which the politico-intellectual trend of traditional Korea would move in the 'post-debate' period.
The debate, therefore, was not merely on the matter of diplomacy but a matter of national identity, the very raison d'etre of the Chos?n dynasty in the sinocentric East Asian world order. For this reason, the watch-and-wait or so-called neutrality between the Ming, the father, and the Later Jin, a 'barbaric' rebel, was theoretically impossible from the start, This was also the very reason why court officials called the argument for an anti-Jin policy right or orthodox. The dramatic denouement of the debate-the dethronement of the king, who had always received investiture from the Ming emperor before but went so far as to even label the anti-Jin policy as perverse-was enough to foreshadow the direction in which the politico-intellectual trend of traditional Korea would move in the 'post-debate' period.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 후금과의 국서 교환 문제
Ⅲ. 요동 난민과 청병칙서 문제
Ⅳ. 존호 문제
Ⅴ. 맺음말
〈Abstract〉
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