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When it comes to war, it is hard to miss the Arab world The modem history of Arab is packed with many wars such as the four tunes of the War between Arab and Israel, the War between Iran and Iraq, and the Lebanon Civil War and the Gulf War Arab literature, in the midst of the drastic changes and social crises the wars caused, has pursued the incessant transformation as well as thrown critical eyes on its own society War, therefore, can be said as an womb which has made modem Arab literature
In tills paper, I explored the close relationship between Arab literature and war, then how the Six-day War, the most influential war upon literature, influenced on the works of two major writers, Naj?b Mahf?z and Gass?n Kanaf?n? In chapter 2, I illuminated the influence of war on the development of ancient Arab literature, the influence of the First Middle East War in 1948 on Arab literature, and then the influence of the Sis-day War m 1967 on the change of Arab novel In chapter 3, I explained the influence of the Six-day War on Naj?b Mahf?z who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1988 And in the last chapter I investigated the influence of the Six-day War on Gass?n Kanaf?n?, who is one of the representative Palestinian writers
Of all the existing Arab poetry, the oldest is poetry of eulogy, curse and elegy having been composed in relation with Bas?s war(494-534), 130 years before Islam appeared On May 14 1948, when Israel was founded as a nation-state, the First Middle East War broke out, which brought drastic change m Arab literature from Romanticism to Realism accompanied with the literature committed to social problems But it was on poetry rather than on novel that the First Middle East War influenced most The reason for this is that Arab literature had been developed centered on poetry and at that time novel form, which comes originally from the Western Europe, has not yet established in Arab literature, except for that of Egypt and Sham, until 1959 The well-known sentence, 'All of the great poets would engage in writing the poetry committed to social problems' attests that fall and suffering of Palestine caused by the First Middle East War made modem Arab poetry move toward poetry of political commitment.
On June 5 1967, the third war between Arab and Israel broke out and ended as the total defeat of the Arab allies The war is said to provide a point of cleavage to literature and especially here the appearance of fantasy novel needs our attention Various factors such as social chaos and disorder, dictatorship and oppression through censorship must have driven many writers to be attracted to fantasy literature
Naj?b Mahf?z(l911- ), a Egyptian novelist, a Nobel Prize winner, is the one who elevated, through his long literary career of 50 years the level of Arab novel which stayed on the phase of beginning to that of western novel Overwhelming defeat of the war in 1967 must have shocked him as well He pointed out that the most two significant events in his literary career are N?sir revolution m 1952 and the defeat in the Six-day War Almost for five years after the war he pronounced to give up writing a long novel, the second time in his career Instead he chose to write a short story, "a form which is appropriate for painful moment" until Mirrors(l972) and Love in the Ram(l973), the first as the long novel after the war.
The short stones written after the war show the big difference in theme and technique from works before the war There was move from metaphysical and existential theme to dealing with political and current events And various literary devices such as symbol, fantasy and absurd form came to be used In the stones he exposed the conflict between Arab and Israel and the total defeat of Arab and criticized undemocratic political situation in Egypt Especially Bus Stop and Black cat's pub attracts our attention as good examples of showing his drastic change after the war
Gass?n Kanaf?n?(l936-1972) is a representative prose writer in Palestine His literary world had been developed along with national liberation struggle to overcome the dispossession of native land and dissipation of people facing Palestinian reality His works belong to political and struggle literature but achieve great artistic success by balancing political theme and literary devices such as form, style and image He is appraised as a writer to raise 'propaganda' to 'art' Return to Hayf? dealt with Jewish hero and ills history, for the first time in Arab literature, and by opposing, without any prejudice, the Jewish sacrificed by Nazism and the Palestine sacrificed by Zionism tried to unite all the oppressed in the world Tills thematic concern is highly valuable, but in artistic aspect this novel has some problems Characters narrate long speech as if they are made to represent author's political idea, whereby it fails to reach artistic success enabled by the natural interactive process of characters and main events The novel, by emphasizing middle-class awakening and rejecting affectionate seeing of the past, could be an example of Arab novel after the war which sacrificed artistic concern for the sake of ideology Through these argument and examples, I reached some conclusion that the Six-Day War influenced literature to introduce fantasy and absurd in its form and theme as well as to activate political novels at the sacrifice of artistic concern
In tills paper, I explored the close relationship between Arab literature and war, then how the Six-day War, the most influential war upon literature, influenced on the works of two major writers, Naj?b Mahf?z and Gass?n Kanaf?n? In chapter 2, I illuminated the influence of war on the development of ancient Arab literature, the influence of the First Middle East War in 1948 on Arab literature, and then the influence of the Sis-day War m 1967 on the change of Arab novel In chapter 3, I explained the influence of the Six-day War on Naj?b Mahf?z who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1988 And in the last chapter I investigated the influence of the Six-day War on Gass?n Kanaf?n?, who is one of the representative Palestinian writers
Of all the existing Arab poetry, the oldest is poetry of eulogy, curse and elegy having been composed in relation with Bas?s war(494-534), 130 years before Islam appeared On May 14 1948, when Israel was founded as a nation-state, the First Middle East War broke out, which brought drastic change m Arab literature from Romanticism to Realism accompanied with the literature committed to social problems But it was on poetry rather than on novel that the First Middle East War influenced most The reason for this is that Arab literature had been developed centered on poetry and at that time novel form, which comes originally from the Western Europe, has not yet established in Arab literature, except for that of Egypt and Sham, until 1959 The well-known sentence, 'All of the great poets would engage in writing the poetry committed to social problems' attests that fall and suffering of Palestine caused by the First Middle East War made modem Arab poetry move toward poetry of political commitment.
On June 5 1967, the third war between Arab and Israel broke out and ended as the total defeat of the Arab allies The war is said to provide a point of cleavage to literature and especially here the appearance of fantasy novel needs our attention Various factors such as social chaos and disorder, dictatorship and oppression through censorship must have driven many writers to be attracted to fantasy literature
Naj?b Mahf?z(l911- ), a Egyptian novelist, a Nobel Prize winner, is the one who elevated, through his long literary career of 50 years the level of Arab novel which stayed on the phase of beginning to that of western novel Overwhelming defeat of the war in 1967 must have shocked him as well He pointed out that the most two significant events in his literary career are N?sir revolution m 1952 and the defeat in the Six-day War Almost for five years after the war he pronounced to give up writing a long novel, the second time in his career Instead he chose to write a short story, "a form which is appropriate for painful moment" until Mirrors(l972) and Love in the Ram(l973), the first as the long novel after the war.
The short stones written after the war show the big difference in theme and technique from works before the war There was move from metaphysical and existential theme to dealing with political and current events And various literary devices such as symbol, fantasy and absurd form came to be used In the stones he exposed the conflict between Arab and Israel and the total defeat of Arab and criticized undemocratic political situation in Egypt Especially Bus Stop and Black cat's pub attracts our attention as good examples of showing his drastic change after the war
Gass?n Kanaf?n?(l936-1972) is a representative prose writer in Palestine His literary world had been developed along with national liberation struggle to overcome the dispossession of native land and dissipation of people facing Palestinian reality His works belong to political and struggle literature but achieve great artistic success by balancing political theme and literary devices such as form, style and image He is appraised as a writer to raise 'propaganda' to 'art' Return to Hayf? dealt with Jewish hero and ills history, for the first time in Arab literature, and by opposing, without any prejudice, the Jewish sacrificed by Nazism and the Palestine sacrificed by Zionism tried to unite all the oppressed in the world Tills thematic concern is highly valuable, but in artistic aspect this novel has some problems Characters narrate long speech as if they are made to represent author's political idea, whereby it fails to reach artistic success enabled by the natural interactive process of characters and main events The novel, by emphasizing middle-class awakening and rejecting affectionate seeing of the past, could be an example of Arab novel after the war which sacrificed artistic concern for the sake of ideology Through these argument and examples, I reached some conclusion that the Six-Day War influenced literature to introduce fantasy and absurd in its form and theme as well as to activate political novels at the sacrifice of artistic concern
목차
Abstract
Ⅰ. 들어가는 말-전쟁, 아랍 문학의 자궁
Ⅱ. 아랍 문학과 전쟁
Ⅲ. 나깁 마흐프즈와 6일 전쟁
Ⅳ. 갓산 카나파니와 6일 전쟁
Ⅴ. 결론
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