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This study is to investigate how sports club activities of elementary school students affect their physical self-concept. Differences in physical self-concept between the 5th and 6th grade boy and girl students in elementary school belonging to sports club and general students were examined, with the aim of analyzing physical self-concept levels according to gender, grade, exercise type, and years of participation. To this end, a total of 200 students participating in sports club activities composed of 100 boys and girls, respectively, and general students amounting to 200 in the 5th and 6th grade of elementary schools located in Gangwon-do were selected as the population for this study on which an analysis of their physical self-concept was made, with the Korean-version physical self-concept questionnaire. For this study, a questionnaire reorganized fit for the goal of this study following a preliminary research was employed, while comparison analysis and analysis of variance were carried out with SAS program for the purpose of data analysis. On the basis of above methods, the results of the analysis on how sports club activities of elementary school students affect their physical self-concept are as follows; First, in reference to gender differences in physical self-concept, boys were found to exhibit higher physical self-concept than their counterparts, in all the areas of sport competence, physical activity, endurance, and the body at large. Second, as far as differences in physical self-concept by grade were concerned, most of the subjects were more than the average, while the 5th graders had statistical significance in body fat/slimness, compared to the 6th graders. Third, regarding the differences in physical self-concept between students participating in sports activities on a regular basis and general students, the former were found to be higher in every item, being statistically significantly higher in all the factors, except self-esteem. Fourth, as a result of the analysis of gender differences limited to those students participating in sports activity, sport competence and self-concept of girls were higher than those of boys in health, physical activity, and endurance. Fifth, there were differences of physical self-concept by sport type in terms of such variables as sport competence, appearance, health, and physical activity factors. Sixth, in connection with the differences in physical self-concept by years of participation, students of more than 1 and a half years of participation were found to have a higher level of overall physical self-concept in all the variables except appearance. In general, sports activities had a positive effect on physical self-concept of students participating in sports activities on a regular basis, compared to general students, and there were differences in the levels of physical self-concept by gender, grade, sport type, and years of participation.