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This paper examines the “1975 marijuana incident”, the resulting comprehensive ban on Korean pop songs, and implementation of Emergency Measure No. 9. Under a dictatorship, it seems to be normal for such restrictions to be imposed in the name of public peace and order which is likely to end up as a strict control on social customs. But in this case, the 1975 restrictions were much more aggressive than before.
In December 1975, the government announced that they arrested some pop singers suspected of smoking illegal marijuana and imposed strict control over the use of marijuana. The strong warning from the president and the government against marijuana smoking and the immediate detention of the suspected pop singers created the idea that popular culture was a breeding ground of decadence contaminated with drugs. However, despite such a dire accusation, the singers were only sentenced with prohibition and a fine. Interestingly, before the scandal, some modern folk and rock songs had been banned and the most of their singers accused of smoking marijuana. It seems that the two seemingly separate incidents were targeted in order to control popular, youth culture in the early 1970s.
Meanwhile, 1975 was the time of extreme coercive politics under the Yushin Regime. Park Jeonghui’s Yushin government which had succeeded in claiming permanent office enforced Emergency Measure No. 9, banning any form of criticism of the government. The government also disbanded student bodies at universities and prevented any anti-Yushin demonstrations which at that time were only possible on university campuses. The motto of the Yushin constitution was “Korean-style democracy” and were dismissive of the youth as those who blindly followed the West. The marijuana incident and youth culture were labelled as decadent culture modeled after Western pop culture. The anti-Yushin student movement which had nothing to do with this were criticized as blindly following of Western democracy. Moreover, the old generation who had grown up during the period of Japanese occupation disapproved of and despised those who were born after the Korean War because of their Americanized culture and way of thinking. With the marijuana incident, the Park Jung-hee government influenced public opinion through the media that the illegal use of marijuana and adherence of their youth to Western culture could no longer be ignored. The government appeared to succeed in getting public approval for their repressive measures to control youth culture and their crackdown on the anti-Yushin student movement. In this regard, the marijuana incident contributed to harmonizing the problem of democracy with that of social custom.
In December 1975, the government announced that they arrested some pop singers suspected of smoking illegal marijuana and imposed strict control over the use of marijuana. The strong warning from the president and the government against marijuana smoking and the immediate detention of the suspected pop singers created the idea that popular culture was a breeding ground of decadence contaminated with drugs. However, despite such a dire accusation, the singers were only sentenced with prohibition and a fine. Interestingly, before the scandal, some modern folk and rock songs had been banned and the most of their singers accused of smoking marijuana. It seems that the two seemingly separate incidents were targeted in order to control popular, youth culture in the early 1970s.
Meanwhile, 1975 was the time of extreme coercive politics under the Yushin Regime. Park Jeonghui’s Yushin government which had succeeded in claiming permanent office enforced Emergency Measure No. 9, banning any form of criticism of the government. The government also disbanded student bodies at universities and prevented any anti-Yushin demonstrations which at that time were only possible on university campuses. The motto of the Yushin constitution was “Korean-style democracy” and were dismissive of the youth as those who blindly followed the West. The marijuana incident and youth culture were labelled as decadent culture modeled after Western pop culture. The anti-Yushin student movement which had nothing to do with this were criticized as blindly following of Western democracy. Moreover, the old generation who had grown up during the period of Japanese occupation disapproved of and despised those who were born after the Korean War because of their Americanized culture and way of thinking. With the marijuana incident, the Park Jung-hee government influenced public opinion through the media that the illegal use of marijuana and adherence of their youth to Western culture could no longer be ignored. The government appeared to succeed in getting public approval for their repressive measures to control youth culture and their crackdown on the anti-Yushin student movement. In this regard, the marijuana incident contributed to harmonizing the problem of democracy with that of social custom.
목차
1. 가수, 대마초, 1975년의 조합을 생각하다
2. 대마초사건의 전말
3. 금지곡의 1975년
4. 유신 말기, 청년들의 금지된 예술과 대마초사건의 의미
5. 누르면 사라질까?
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